TA的每日心情 | 擦汗
2023-2-28 12:05 |
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Q. A! }9 }: ]: u E美国贸易政策的网站上说：- t8 f7 |: q/ N5 x% S( x
TPP poses enormous risk for the U.S. industry, as well as potential benefit if done right. The risk comes from Japan, which will export an estimated 1.51 million cars to the U.S. this year, making it the third biggest exporter of cars to America after Canada and Mexico. Japanese car companies sell roughly as many cars in the U.S. every day as American car companies sell in Japan every year. While the U.S. market is basically open for Japanese exports, the Japanese market has been largely closed to foreign competition; only some six percent of cars in the Japanese market are foreign made, the lowest percentage of any OECD country.; s$ A" `4 o3 R& K0 W) d2 a0 W/ T
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The United States has for decades run a trade deficit with Japan. In 2012 the U.S. deficit vis-à-vis Japan in autos and auto parts alone was $53.5 billion. Much of the trade deficit in autos can be attributed to Japan’s extensive system of non-tariff barriers that effectively increase the price of U.S. made autos on the Japanese market. For example, while a Ford Focus Hatchback costs $18,300 in the US, it costs $29,558 in Japan – a 62% price increase.
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Japan’s non-tariff barriers include arbitrary and restrictive standards that are very difficult for foreign suppliers to meet and a dealer system largely closed to foreign producers. However, currency manipulation has historically been one of the most critical non-tariff barriers. Since September 2012 the yen has depreciated 25 percent against the dollar, which translates almost directly into a reduction in costs to Japanese exporters of the same amount. The auto industry operates on a very slim profit margin, on average as little as 3.3% per vehicle according to a 2009 report by McKinsey & Company. Given this exchange rate advantage, it is extremely difficult for a U.S. producer to compete with a Japanese import.
美国人在至关重要的汽车工业谈判上很难对日本继续让步，反而会要求日本降低对美国的贸易壁垒，以及不要操纵汇率。再说，TPP的仲裁机构也是美国控制，最后结果日本可能放弃很多贸易保护手段。
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发表于 2015-10-6 13:22:32
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