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本帖最后由 agenda21 于 2013-2-28 14:14 编辑
说说Bitumen (7)
根据API值计算方法,石油价格与比重有关,与碳数无关,因此就放弃了数碳数的方法。那么,哪些因素影响Bitumen 的比重呢?
根据大量样品分析和数据采集,他们发现Bitumen 的比重跟其化学成分存在如下关系
ρ = 1033 −13.69H +13.85S +115.7N
这里 ρ 是比重 (kg/m3), H 是氢原子含量(%wt), S 是硫含量(%wt),N 是氮含量(%wt)。Bitumen 的比重跟氢含量成反比。
此外,他们还进行了其他研究,其结论是:
Bitumen is a mixture of a very large number of components and it is not practical to classify its components by their chemical composition. Consequently, several other criteria are employed to classify bitumen: physical properties, atomic H/C ratio, heteroatom content, boiling cut and solubility.
基于上述结论,油砂人给出下面一段话来表述什么是Bitumen
Crude bitumen is characterized by very high viscosities, high densities, relatively high heavy metal concentrations and a low ratio of hydrogen-to-carbon in comparison with conventional crude oils, with a density range of 970 to 1015 kg/m3 (14 to 8°API), and a viscosity at room temperature generally much greater than 50,000 mPas, NEB (2004)*. Crude bitumen must be treated to convert it into “synthetic crude oil”, SCO, before it can be fractionated in traditional refineries to produce gasoline, heating oils and diesel fuels.
那么,什么是常规石油呢?转一段API的东西:
The definition for Petroleum (Crude oil) is:
"A complex combination of hydrocarbons. It consists predominantly of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It may also contain small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur compounds. This category encompasses light, medium, and heavy petroleums, as well as the oils extracted from tar sands".
那么,什么是轻重油呢?还是继续转API的东西。如果错了,那也是API错了。
Crude oils may be divided into Light and Heavy crudes on the basis of their gravity. The API gravity is determined as:
°API = (141.5 /Specific gravity)- 131.5
Crude oils with gravity > 33°API are considered as light crudes. Such crudes with a high percentage composition of hydrogen are usually more suitable for processing for gasoline production. Heavy crudes, ie those with gravity < 28°API tend to contain more asphaltenes and are usually rich in aromatics. These heavy crudes require more steps in their processing.
这个东西的网址如下。有兴趣的话,调出来看看。
http://www.petroleumhpv.org/docs ... e_robsumm_final.pdf
看来,在这个世界上,不仅仅只有我错误地使用油里面氢的相对含量来区分重油和轻油。
我对我的错误很坚持。因为又不是我一个人错了,为什么只要求我改贴呢?本来,我是认认真真写贴的。对待科学,本来我也是很严肃很严肃的。如今,我依然认认真真写贴,但不会在科学殿堂发表了,因为他们说了,我错了,我还知错不改。
真的吗?
也或许,爱坛的专家们错了
他们知错会改吗?
嘿嘿。
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