|
|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。 ~1 X V; x7 q- l% r" w8 B! q
9 P1 p$ F& ] T: m. F1 X/ ]: s
Let S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}. 5 Z0 t1 U' Z* M
" C& y) q$ B: X! |3 j) y& D
For w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.
3 c- {0 R' r3 T$ m9 _1 \2 \
8 O( J% p h9 {! p% v& v4 |For w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).
3 n2 e$ y" N* v* M- q
5 ~1 A: Q6 M5 C: R2 GThere are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).
0 c8 h) v" o! R9 z8 U5 U0 h# t, E( d" v3 w
理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|