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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 " T7 O# [- x3 z) y, B3 a
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：
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5 }4 {& @) ~2 [/ qUnited States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）
' B3 _% K* B/ V! B$ { nUnited States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）( B# a; V% y1 L8 s: F
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）3 h+ F9 H- d+ Z0 U s% W j: b
United States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
3 H) V' I, C% G% s v* e7 t: u$ hUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）
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' D4 {" T2 Q! d# J/ `高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放$ {% H! w! ?" H) B; }
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)) h, o- ^: D6 c/ I9 M
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
$ X- d* f0 q/ C$ Y8 jUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
K8 S$ z" B2 aVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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" W: K% S/ u2 {/ V) _/ \$ |1个只收ROTC学生1 o: D- Z* ]2 _* Y, f% [! W. W
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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& D5 | t4 J, |, D! W$ W+ y1个军民兼收的私立6 W0 \7 h5 ]& V2 [8 S- g/ n
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)1 ~3 [8 J6 k; K. Y9 A
! c9 a- G$ s+ f4 G- G$ u# k7 R州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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( e8 M4 f4 w6 @- L' {+ _! fCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)' u: H/ _& P, m
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
, O* z, I7 _- ~% l: o! p* bMaine Maritime Academy. `# `3 r- x- F0 H0 ]9 c
Massachusetts Maritime Academy2 D' I! W- |# C
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)7 M+ _ i- C/ \- E$ g. M+ O
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)7 ^2 ?* m% w+ B6 G Y0 [# h
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)! x; l6 u5 k C: F% G/ C
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
# [3 M! ~( ~7 {Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)/ l: {/ A$ }! k! y8 ]: |
& u5 d& F, p8 H' A: r) M& k还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational), R6 {" b( C! c1 o9 C, C" G3 P- q
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)3 z0 P. Y% S, C) I
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
2 R. T& k6 r" I( n5 hBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)! V& n9 C; _; p5 M* \5 }
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
?7 v5 M3 }1 ]6 D u x! {Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
- g# U) r1 I7 \" K6 P: r/ PCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
4 B+ v9 _, n$ O7 l; P0 VFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)0 M& [) I* _' e" l
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
0 N3 W! X% t, \7 Z5 IFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)- V$ D3 b2 t. e/ ~% k: b' B
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)0 k3 z2 o, E" `* z% {, [- {
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)! K+ |& w$ a* Q3 x. W
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
- A2 I" C" ^9 ~# a9 KLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)$ v5 i9 M# |1 h! @$ ~
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
k5 @7 J3 @; N% r" O/ a( Y: BMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
; {7 \0 g) Y- t& N, D4 m+ \Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)+ P. Y. y, j9 S2 m. p# ~4 f6 t
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
( ?% R8 v+ j3 l+ `( `% pNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
9 C: G& r. a5 G: XNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational). c; i& m# J; C, Y
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)8 j9 l9 e" m8 X( U2 i! @: ^
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
7 q ^5 v* l! G3 x/ f4 A3 zRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
3 g" d7 e r$ `San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)/ u0 Q+ v# ]: w) g
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
5 M, i- |5 w' ~" {8 K( s2 Q0 gSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)5 i3 m U: N$ b! Y+ ~1 c' b$ |
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational): C0 S9 H7 }6 c% q; W, l& i- u7 m3 V
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)# C% q3 s2 D+ { D0 O
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
9 \. l D$ \5 ]! [' m9 s. aSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)6 {! N+ }7 z/ G- d/ X3 {
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]7 q1 W+ H! J& J
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)! l. |$ L. R4 W) \) @$ d
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
2 R7 ]; d3 d! w" i# j; J$ P9 B% JBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
( Z/ ]( e* r9 _5 `% L, L+ ~Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
1 ]; o9 C! L% V# P5 N! T! r' \4 fChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
: y( k( H# `, W0 k! r' uCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)# |2 @! K& \/ g! q! q% T. ?" x, e" p
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)4 z( M; _) N! c
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)" A( @( X' Y% y
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
* ], |, Y" i6 k. t5 o$ nGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)' g6 a5 U6 q& D" l6 e4 Y8 R
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)+ p0 C& C; g4 d3 ?0 J
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]: N- b& f% S w, i, S# D: y
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)5 T. ^0 W0 f6 e9 B }3 a+ [$ i$ s
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 @& w$ V2 W, ?) c
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)" C6 X1 o4 a+ @9 I U( e8 P/ H
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
( E8 [! ~" g. k: A. N) |Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)0 o3 `' K/ u3 Y& G
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]3 h: o& x5 }7 \
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
, c' m' X1 n% }Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
# O' U' K) h: J/ OSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida): ^( H- D0 K0 v- Z) O; g$ F
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)( _' t; m- T5 T' W: i6 w
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)' r' K! K7 F1 z2 S- ]7 m. z2 x
( `1 X0 Q/ O. y' R在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：% [# O( A, ^% b; M1 Q
( V! `3 {. }7 C# J5 [0 }0 I" r4 rUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的' f4 c. R& m; K4 {# e& c
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校/ u* k; ]4 d! q, S/ a, z
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
8 U r/ `# Y" l7 C0 x# b. tNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff. R/ f7 M1 F4 U' y& u6 l
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面" m3 ?7 v M, b E- O
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
, n: u) K8 _2 ^& }Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技
) \; u) x- O6 a: d W, Y/ xNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校
: R$ Q5 Y+ Y6 dMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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