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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 " d+ |: E! p& d9 P
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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( c- P5 D6 i( D# _: v4 F6 o1 Q军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)7 Q* t0 T2 m2 P/ a
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
& @5 `# f. W' n0 Q' RUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
" }3 i% q. p; A3 N! z p' U2 @0 Q+ RUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)
' A: {! r9 C7 O. z* i( sUnited States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角), h2 G* A/ l1 A; |
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高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:' h! I7 e4 [1 b
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放2 [) V: L# A r* @
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
. C1 ?1 B8 d2 v8 ~Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)' `4 D! R/ b7 ?: I, O1 G2 b& c
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university): d9 P* H. X0 }2 \3 V* a) Z6 S
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university): Y9 C$ d& T, j- n& S& m% a8 e
6 L5 ]) s& C# I3 _+ }+ S* l8 s1个只收ROTC学生' s2 M; L% R* L
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生' Q) o z* D3 [& i4 Z* Z
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1个军民兼收的私立
M# J+ O0 p/ N# n* YNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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4 @) h# X- m4 x" f; g3 v/ \3 j州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:. j% R) m3 G$ b
+ M& C0 N0 R' YCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
; j3 p$ \2 f; P1 o$ gGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
1 ~+ D, E/ N% Y5 mMaine Maritime Academy2 a. x+ Z+ H h# a/ M& c
Massachusetts Maritime Academy! O& ], ^6 Y/ j2 b/ ]/ n: J4 G
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)9 h1 l% H, { W
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)6 ?0 T# ^* }# a
9 `7 y J/ A+ I- ^军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:
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$ M1 W+ V' n, G" y& g: cGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
@- d0 E- I- xMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama): Q/ w5 ~5 B0 R' {7 p
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)5 I2 H7 b# ?8 ?
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:2 v" _0 D6 [% n! {9 M9 T
* R; _$ N) L) G. P2 yAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
% n; Y5 k0 Q* h# w( ~( t' oAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)6 g: x% L" S, [
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
5 R1 |" K/ {: A6 wBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)3 Z. M* j' r% N9 P1 Z
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)8 ]5 l( `- }! \( v1 I+ O7 ]: }; K; W* G
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York), [% ]* `) w6 I% B' r
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)# C) T) n/ r3 E9 T
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)) b! z/ D# c% w) E M
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
" _: K: i$ P$ P+ oFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
3 [3 k7 v: t* `4 rHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
4 S& g0 ~# U: \- v2 A( Y( NHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
/ A+ b; s" [* X# W% lLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)1 [" O- l2 }: P
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
0 I, y5 v/ q" K/ ELyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
( s( M1 W. I: H3 GMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
9 {+ v+ d7 q" c; }; O) aMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
% }5 Z* Y% e. M1 G6 oMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
. C4 |+ M5 s p8 v3 _6 R5 m! vNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational), A# [& J- r6 @0 S% T
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)* C2 q n& ?; S& W
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)9 r# p8 x( \; C$ A1 R
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
+ | @/ y- R7 D( M% tRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
~' U; x2 B) p8 A+ \San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
" @ N; U2 I" V* ?- ?, N* hSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
7 H5 I+ i' U, l2 _/ TSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
8 v1 n1 Q9 f* x2 e1 G- {St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational) }! |; v) A" V( W9 k" w
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
1 n& h& Z5 w# B4 @St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)7 |: ? s' L1 h
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)0 Z% u+ Q. Z4 u% v
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]6 N/ p& A9 \2 ?4 r R" ~4 P: x
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:
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% p, y3 Z) w" D0 w* C* @Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois); ^2 G9 f( T+ c6 C
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
5 G/ r& L6 S# j* b# ]1 N* gCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)8 w3 C% F$ p9 |/ T6 l
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)% g3 L p" R! S- m! n% e
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)& d$ ~. r7 I. ^$ V. \5 M7 Y+ m
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
) n3 p/ f' ? Z! Z/ r _First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
: n9 `$ d0 @* i c D. {2 ~3 h6 VFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]7 K! u) p- w, ~- [, \& W
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)/ d- _. d) N* k+ y% b
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
$ g [" G: p4 k1 XKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
6 {; B$ c4 t0 U/ f c; yMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
* i5 P6 b M J5 mMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)2 Y! E6 c1 I$ e
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
- B9 \% |$ S/ X9 ~6 q uNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)8 ?3 k5 a/ n1 c1 F; r' \" o( v: @
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
5 F) i% h" c }8 `- l3 cPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]* j p( E8 p4 D( n4 q: |
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)2 q; C/ C4 \/ b T) P
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)/ J8 c# l0 \+ |/ ]2 d
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)5 Z: W% S# y* {2 V$ g
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida) `4 y( l' l6 b6 j. r E
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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# V# T% h8 B! r w) h. v/ ~" x: s7 D在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
/ x4 ~4 D' o0 }8 L, Q: [United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校# Y, [: W9 D0 E6 _1 M7 c% ^. i% W
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)' _; `! Q/ n7 [% b
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff; o' u% K2 I. N2 ^5 a f( T2 h
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面2 Z8 y# |' O( J5 z( z5 R
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
# @: ?+ b, g* B( e- zAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
( T; S2 X, e' d, P3 \5 O# D0 GNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校# x+ U, o# w( C+ j# F$ G
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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% d s- M1 X8 k: [' s1 A各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。! N/ }0 U6 }1 m' [! a& A+ B
f( ]4 {6 L' Z U5 U1 j& B# B& q绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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