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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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# I- O" ^4 ~1 {9 ~+ j" [! s军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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: T/ ?' Q+ @, f军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：- G% T3 O1 \, o' ~* ~
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United States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）3 w5 e; }( {' q, \0 r) `; |
United States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）
( B0 m: i$ V4 F+ H6 B0 ~" _5 HUnited States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）; ?* ^& A) h2 _/ r; Y( C; N) N! G
United States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）0 _8 P4 \1 ~; K0 A
United States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）0 Q) c+ ?8 L1 t( P
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高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放
5 w7 X! ?4 ]7 ^( UThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college): ~) D, ~4 u+ Q
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)/ l5 H& Z! P9 I) o$ f. e6 R+ ]
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
" S* @" G1 @% z( kVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)/ j( T% @- Z5 |" K/ Q
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1个只收ROTC学生( P9 Z# v# F! i. c& T( z( ^+ W0 }; S9 ^
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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9 L5 k% h0 G0 b1个军民兼收的私立4 \1 V: l7 j4 Z& ]9 p
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)" ^) ^8 \: \* R8 g2 [
. n- A' G2 ]. H& S. H+ C! }6 e州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：" u% K" ]% Y: Z7 e
( l, k0 F( a$ bCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
2 ^$ G! ]0 Q. v8 N- P1 [Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
* O+ f- \ S4 w+ e u$ u# _Maine Maritime Academy
' ~6 o: Y V9 a, i+ t% Y( zMassachusetts Maritime Academy
! {& o$ n% }3 M' b- ]6 `% QState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
2 H: Y# l2 \$ c" ~Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)5 w5 Y$ \$ a0 M' h$ W
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)3 y1 m$ U9 O" o! k5 n: Z6 b
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
9 H6 f$ z4 j! m0 w- z! W# S& \Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)6 ^. [$ [9 V* D# g' K
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还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
+ x, M0 n2 i& g, A K& LAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
/ n+ t- t! t2 R; U) J6 sArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
0 Y+ P! \! i4 S' _, z: FBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)6 ]3 I$ T5 T9 }2 D) I
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)! q' {2 I3 w I0 v X3 l
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
( r- B0 s( `/ ECulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)) I F% b) ^9 s
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)* E6 X- }: @0 x+ t: l [' o
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)8 M7 y' ~! B, V6 e# G" s
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)2 P- q; m0 z" v1 S* G T1 s
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia), P7 u. P; X( X
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
* [& ]; S6 r8 ^' D! P/ ]7 j/ [8 |' OLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)1 ^; i+ t2 Z3 h4 [6 b, f9 x2 p
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)7 V- \! b! @) J1 T& b/ i9 f
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)& P: y5 V4 B& ~& @5 [! B
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
) p: e0 X7 { ~: gMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)' K) v$ U0 M1 Y6 k5 ]
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)/ v+ [- e) A9 I+ F4 y
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
' ~% J( X( B) b7 M# s6 E) G/ V7 JNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)& j# N. V# f: H8 k
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
% X1 ?5 R/ O1 ]: r" H; W1 [Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)! C7 j7 i4 k# \; K3 S
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)( k- K$ C2 w& _! n3 g
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)( w9 Q+ e# H& l4 n
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota); i, s& r$ t3 v$ l& o0 u- ]( q+ G
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)) ~5 M5 ~( v+ r' R
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational); j$ T" s) J6 q. ~1 ]
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
. P' F; i& {( ^( x9 x6 p! YSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
6 C9 ~3 ]( N* X: K* PSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
2 `6 i2 v* I7 @8 {2 p* KTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]5 |. y; x) z) ]& D/ }0 z
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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3 j P/ o, O, V. G! K更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
' K, o) e) v* ~) z0 pBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)" C5 N% q2 `; h9 P
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
/ L# n5 G a3 l$ W% ^. WChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)( z4 M$ r; q! `1 V+ Z+ B; _2 W
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)( L7 D, Y& f) ~/ ?
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)+ |+ Y5 @& K/ }) ^8 ?# c( x9 H
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)2 w) {8 Z1 w6 W" Q& `% A
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]& U( ?! g- i3 W
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
% S) s, ? G" M- H" WHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
$ b$ Q) U4 K" ?. PKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]6 W* Z% z. V2 u) w1 k4 y1 A i, J/ I
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)7 k) L& d- \# M/ M- F1 \' {6 B/ x
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois), l4 J$ ]+ i6 b" R3 w6 E X: P
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)5 E% P) J) d: q. P, }
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)! h: M4 N2 {# G* U9 _8 _0 y
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)- p" l5 n. g! z3 Z9 g
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
+ e$ _# U; R4 Q1 {6 J9 m& H6 @6 hPhoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
7 @6 K% K& n" t# d5 d' PRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)0 c3 w4 A" V# u; X
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
7 Q, H. E, S( j# M# F7 o+ HSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida): k, B1 ]- d5 M8 c; ~ y
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的5 T+ ]- P5 H) e! T l9 L* q0 J6 z' q
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校# d8 m4 y/ d0 u# L, |
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
6 b9 {1 J* q o- B3 J* x: lNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff
$ u: Z6 L6 P1 o) j1 Y2 d, VNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
% x& a l5 ?: cMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)) o8 D0 H) D# D/ ]! V9 t# S3 v9 |/ {
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技2 N' M8 w2 H. i* _) ~/ T
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校
! Z) I7 T* N: x+ H. `: B7 V lMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校2 f0 T$ M8 Y5 }6 E1 |' x4 ~, y
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各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
