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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。1 a0 ?1 c7 A: v# \3 i& l
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军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：
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United States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）
- | W z, [# p8 ~$ `* NUnited States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）% P; M: m, q$ j& H- l: v
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）
4 \: p+ N+ z Z) l6 f1 }8 xUnited States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
( F1 T! T9 `7 C2 p% Z' m3 BUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）6 z' u( y/ j* f6 J" s6 s, T5 c2 t
) m( N t" F$ T2 M4 w高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放
% ~: ~& I% `+ X* r% Y7 PThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)! m# E3 P* z5 Y- A8 K9 m
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)+ ~$ b* v( g0 n5 [9 `
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
5 b4 f- S- R8 `8 H8 e7 W" [8 {' gVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)( p% x: g1 J- Y. A9 w% G6 Z( A
; F B3 J4 O( l- y' g1个只收ROTC学生! o/ S& z, H2 [. O
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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: j8 y! S' K' F1个军民兼收的私立
1 }( U5 {' i1 v# CNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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: [- P' B7 F1 s f+ t$ I州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
+ W5 p. P4 M. m q. f- h& EGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
7 b9 ?6 [% Q1 d* SMaine Maritime Academy
6 ~0 V2 Q7 q) l8 H: S r& l& KMassachusetts Maritime Academy
7 q y$ J2 V8 f' m$ l" @State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)9 I' ]" h9 C6 ]' Z/ V5 f
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)0 u9 N- F' Q. q/ K# Z) P5 O
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：, _" V: z' }# l, C
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
: L7 k/ ~ E1 ~' E) yMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)6 n5 N; }! M. k$ V7 @
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)8 L, L) y9 ]# I4 p- D) ~$ M1 ^! i) L
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)1 J! A: t- x u" Z
, K* p7 a- J' [! F4 `+ b还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：. Z- O6 H# z* F! K
' d2 ]' |! e1 ^# BAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
( W: R0 d1 a* J' P" UAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational): o8 l! ]" U( E. ?7 I5 c* A3 K( g
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)8 e% T' b; D( l, h# P5 J# R
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
" o3 ~6 O6 D0 e( mCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
* E- ]: ]& T# y$ jChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
4 f/ t% d1 H s+ \ P' b) bCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)8 J9 s5 s& D6 Q: k: g) E# O9 N# S
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia), F4 E" b1 g S: o3 W$ \& o
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
: w& {3 ?' {* mFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
/ h9 s$ m- w, J2 dHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
& {1 _. _0 N; o: @- VHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)& R9 U: G* k9 {8 v& O
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)& L4 n7 j6 p# Q X3 y8 Q% Z p- h( J
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational), I8 w# B; ^+ D, L, {
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)& T4 H1 f1 X1 M! B. k
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
" U( i, Z. G7 x3 U! j0 K' zMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
5 ]- u z( ?% A, p0 |* j1 t/ ^Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)2 C/ o4 M* S9 O7 b2 S
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
( _" E+ t6 ^9 a2 k. TNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
2 |/ V* ^" ~% f# E/ c. LOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)0 {- L0 L- _+ B- x; M" k
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)4 N2 Q, d( [9 }* U3 M" M
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)3 C6 ]* E7 P- _/ t1 w2 [
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
- `9 H& h w; ~/ w9 Q7 W ]Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
5 `' W0 j6 E9 l& eSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)' i4 o2 P8 M! r$ ?
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)+ I5 r* f' Y3 M( R+ ~6 T6 C, ^, P$ Y
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
8 }# M0 \- x: y! {$ P3 x1 M- Q! CSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)( D) o1 Q/ A0 I1 [ v! Y
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)8 z$ b( @! q( X9 [, @7 c1 o( }
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]% Q% g! M' z# s( s
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)2 h0 x3 ?; m/ ]5 x
# |$ `$ C S; @更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)! L/ b# o. D4 K9 C
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)' |& N: q6 ^% e( F' M3 q X
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
# F- r. @' R2 U( s' c1 wChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
* M% Q8 I, y) }* VCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)' T3 A/ ~, k; p# P5 p
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)1 i/ y: |( Y% u
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)7 O) ?' b% K e9 O' u
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]& C( m$ H! A' ]* ~
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
2 v, D, }. V) N7 A9 ?8 j6 H) EHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)1 k6 @; R, V; E
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
3 y# t# l6 J3 x5 oMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
- D( z# `3 \, p) l9 ^ MMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)5 h1 c/ |6 ]0 M6 ^# c/ F& e# t5 k: T% {
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
. [3 ?- D2 f: oNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
0 o4 Y) k+ I& ZOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
" y }8 t3 a( J. g, p- a- ~Philadelphia Military Academy[3]: e& b+ b+ B' V' D
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)1 B! h. [" ~/ ^# s$ m
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)9 r# z; H- W5 t! d7 b# y1 Q+ g w
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
( Z. N9 `9 B# a' D- X& V' x; gSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
- Q0 O9 f& O1 r! u/ O* ?/ eUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：$ k* I) I( u$ g: Y; Q
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的$ V3 f* A" i& M8 k
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校0 F3 w Z. u1 h" d! F, E
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)" W' L9 e4 ^5 O. o z6 F
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff
8 N2 l6 _9 x8 j6 JNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
+ ? d6 T" ]! \( a7 P0 |3 X% \Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
. Z/ A/ A, s" z& `: M( A3 y4 yAir University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技
& @4 o9 I% }8 ?" ?" K$ r$ p! NNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校* t$ c( h9 s4 q K) t9 y/ {! r6 t9 n
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校9 R# N7 M1 w2 o
: ?. @& S7 P) n6 t( |各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
