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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 0 {1 F' x ~5 w4 }
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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4 M5 p. g- |- b) y! }/ N4 w军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:. t& l/ S& [5 V/ ~# ^/ v
) v$ r* l- j3 [" s% |United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)4 T; z0 Z6 l1 T `% R8 L3 A
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
: Y0 m/ t: J" QUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
; Y) @2 z3 q/ ] L. vUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)
; G. w: f0 `( W! [. \6 h- nUnited States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)0 |2 Q/ l% T, ?+ W, c
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高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:. O) ^* d2 o3 \2 V; m4 N, ?/ a e
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放
7 ~2 }& _ T9 D9 {! \. KThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
0 s* s! ^3 C4 }, s8 uTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
# T- ^0 x% c/ L3 M: Y$ H( E5 s1 a* FUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)" F9 `9 ~! M3 A% I" F. w
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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1个只收ROTC学生7 X& f" K1 S2 |3 A1 i) {& O/ o
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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! Q% g9 A( Z4 Y2 A6 S2 d2 t1个军民兼收的私立
9 n5 j* f2 O6 p) R& v+ ~0 WNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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/ X/ Z' P9 N" |* J* P X2 ~2 X \州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:, \' @, R+ J K; g4 n$ _
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system): ~8 r1 h$ _/ k3 d) m. \5 ?
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College); W1 A* Y" F) s0 O0 o' `2 I
Maine Maritime Academy% S+ N% w; C; M [- R. z
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
# P) I8 n2 x" v2 q: V$ QState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
# q. S" B' e/ L0 c/ aTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)# i, Y4 j8 ~$ _/ E
3 j) y& ~+ L; i- P* o4 V6 ]' a- o军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:1 ^) m5 A" G2 U7 @
4 w( ]2 x3 s% B( T3 f1 v/ }Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)% D: Z9 Z: M }- @
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
' w a8 s$ r5 YNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)4 g" f7 M4 t2 Q5 h" J5 n! h7 _
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)# B& m' \6 p+ M
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)9 X4 Z* {* j/ u f& P
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
8 s; m( h+ ]7 x3 l6 Y1 `+ SBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)4 \& U; K! [# e& W' t& U
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)+ T0 }' Y, D: n* t& S, \
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
7 a( M/ M" M# d2 u$ O/ s1 pCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)$ }0 y3 {0 p% A, ^. b
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
" ~. i. C! G- R, @& L! @* MFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
0 a; c" N/ u+ N2 i' UFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
( t% }+ D7 w0 P7 _Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
p( W" T- H6 UHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)# F" o$ O7 h1 N
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
, [ t; q4 L5 j5 H! f: ^6 nLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
7 d: W# s4 Y- X, L8 }Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)' X( r) D7 c7 }4 s
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
- O9 r5 m2 U, w1 F# w% V. S+ J: TMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)( q* {( r& V: V+ Q9 u' ^1 T* T# t' A
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)3 X0 V( k. s/ Q1 L2 t: H
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)- c; c4 c* Q: x; M. ~; X
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)8 j; D/ K+ w$ m8 K+ e5 H" F
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)" H- C \! e2 V( X. ~
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
- m' g- \; U6 }' B& MRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
% I2 @: {! @; v3 u1 d$ e1 k1 m3 ` `2 @San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)7 I( k' c6 G+ _
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
0 F$ I+ |1 i2 B' B4 @% x H0 x+ y, v$ R2 zSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)* @* l6 T, d) f z
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)8 {- ^" s5 q3 j" E1 Y0 F8 l0 J
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
0 b( [+ r w& q8 d6 WSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
: S0 T/ Q& R m$ B# iSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
4 j& D+ v4 L) @TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
* ^8 |, c6 j: t* f1 Y d3 w- lValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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3 b: F* ]# J3 ^+ o# N; W! t更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:8 Y( A8 w5 f, A* W; ^2 e5 M3 C
, B. Q5 T4 j5 S* }Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)# Z+ a/ l. W y0 M9 T e9 J3 |5 y
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)5 w' F/ A$ v6 c
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)8 ] i- a0 b) P; T: [
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
L* Y' P( S( \% ]" T$ [: z7 OCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)& R/ s$ r0 g" Z# n! ] j
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
; u5 X8 I9 Q" Z& K5 M. _1 f$ y r4 Z- eFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
. w6 Y# }/ k- RFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
" x! Q, H: h3 u! lGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
! p/ P% |2 }. T3 L0 }- l& b3 gHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
2 l2 A" h* o6 p0 [Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]% K" I0 |5 l1 C Y* n
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)* G4 K8 g- B& I8 z3 F, ?$ s1 X
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
( l2 H6 F2 ]+ s: S1 TNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
. M+ R6 c9 ~& f" A" m- K" QNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)3 }' _ {$ _0 ` M( o4 i7 s/ K. g
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)$ o6 S$ h; @! ]& \' ~( G+ T
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]* A* N4 Y8 \# D
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)/ F" h. T8 E7 |0 F7 `- P5 {+ o5 |; f
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)' o3 M* t, g, h& n
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)1 e6 l8 [. {' a6 J8 g) v
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
x: {, M0 J/ G' d2 O, S3 J1 f+ o; dUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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2 _" t( l; F* b; ^$ u, _5 B* K; IUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的+ Z6 E! A; y! ^8 I! L( L
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
* t' z3 G% v8 ~United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
8 i I H! Y) C: O h0 v: v8 nNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff3 u0 b9 v, A" X1 z7 ~% R! b- M
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
) W; b- T: G5 Y" @1 m6 t% ^Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
8 ~, a7 X0 Y9 A& ?, `% ^* lAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技8 Q e m: {1 r& M2 U' X2 p
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校& L! M1 M$ c8 r
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校0 p/ K- @" \. c _& }8 n
+ d8 G# [5 X Q+ m% J! `5 o& O各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。0 l9 {+ ~. |; V/ C' z$ w4 d
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绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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