草蜢昨天写了华人在美国西海岸的早期移民史。 吸血鬼同学提出他在Wikipedia的洛杉矶建立者的条目里没找到Antonio Rodriguez的名字，里面也没提到任何人有中国血统。 为了证明俺草蜢不是位有良心的青年历史发明家， 俺不得不指出维基不是圣经！ 先来个官方的： 看看咱们洛杉矶政府的网站咋说 http://birthday.lacity.org/history.htm That same year, Governor Neve traveled to the distant town of Alamos in Sonora, New Spain (today, the nation of Mexico) to recruit 11 families. These families were comprised of 11 men, 11 women, and 22 children. The heads of Los Angeles’ eleven founding families were Antonio Clemente Villavicencio, a Spaniard; Antonio Mesa, a Negro; Jose Fernando Lara, a Spaniard, Jose Vanegas, an Indian; Pablo Rodriquez, an Indian; Manuel Camero, a Mulatto; Jose Antonio Navarro, a Mestizo; Jose Moreno, a Mulatto; Basillio Rosas, an Indian; Alejandro Rosas, an Indian; and Luis Quintero, a Negro. All were poor farmers of Indigenous, European, and African origin and were known as los pobladores (the settlers.) There was also a twelfth poblador named Antonio Miranda Rodríguez who was of Filipino descent . He joined los pobladores while in Sinaloa, New Spain. When los pobladores reached Loreto, New Spain, Miranda decided to stay behind with his daughter who had become ill with smallpox. 第十二个殖民者是“Antonio Miranda Rodríguez”，菲律宾人。 因为他的女儿感染了天花， 他在Loreto留了下来。 再看看洛杉矶年鑑： http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03c.htm A twelfth settler, Antonio Miranda Rodriguez, a 50-year-old Filipino , and his 11 year-old daughter were also slated to settle in the new pueblo. They set out with the rest of the pobladores in early 1781 enroute to their new home. While in Baja California, however, they were among those who fell ill to smallpox and remained there for an extended time to recuperate. When they finally arrived in Alta California (the present-day State of California), it was discovered that Miranda Rodriguez was a skilled gunsmith. He was subsequently reassigned to the Santa Barbara Presidio in 1782 to be an armorer. 第十二个殖民者，“Antonio Miranda Rodriguez” 50岁的菲律宾人， 和他11岁的女儿，原本也是要一起在新城镇（洛杉矶）定居， 但在现今的Baja,因为染上天花，留下来一段时间养病。 后来到达加州以后，因为这家伙是个技术工（造枪）， 1782年 被转到洛杉矶北面的城市Santa Barbara作为兵器工匠。 在1921年出版的书 From the Mountains to the Sea by John Steven McGroarty, copyright 1921,Volume I, page 30, 列有洛杉矶的建立者和他们当时的族群成分: “Josede Lara, Spaniard, 50 years of age, wife Indian, 3 children; Jose Antonio Navarro, mestizo, 42 years, wife mulattress, 3 children; Basilio Rosas, Indian, 68 years, wife mulattress, 6 children; Antonio Mesa, negro, 38 years, wife a mulattress, 2 children; Antonio (Felix) Vilavicencio,Spaniard, 30 years, wife Indian; Jose Vanegas, Indian, 28 years, wife Indian, 1 child; Alejandro Rosas, Indian, 19 years, wife coyote (Indian); Pablo Rodriguez, Indian, 25 years, wife Indian, 1 child; Mamuel Camero, mulatto, 30 years, wife mulatress; Luis Quintero, negro, 55 years, wife mulattress, 5 children; Jose Moreno, mulatto, 22 years, wife mulattress; Antonio Miranda, chino , 50 years, 1 child.” 注意最后一个“Antonio Miranda“ Antonio Miranda, chino, 50 years, 1 child.” 关于Antonio Miranda Rodriguez的这个Chino成分是不是指华人是有争议的。 因为后来的老墨们管所有的亚裔面孔的都叫Chino（中国人）。 但西班牙人对菲律宾土著和华人还是有区别的。 菲律宾土著被称为Indios Luzones（吕宋的印第安人） 而马尼拉和墨西哥之间运银子和中国产品的宝船Manila Galleons的大部分海员是chino de Manila（马尼拉华人） 前面，俺已经提到过马尼拉此时主要是个华人城市。 其实洛杉矶建立者的族群成分一直都争议很大。 因为建立者的后裔拒绝相信他们的祖先是一帮混血（而且有大量黑人血统）， 一口咬定他们的先祖是西班牙白人。 但后来在西班牙Seville塞维利亚的殖民地时期的档案库中发现了对洛杉矶建立者的详细记载包括每个人的族群成分。最初的22个成年人中，只有2个被列为西班牙人。这个和当时的墨西哥人口结构是吻合的，当年到达美洲的西班牙人 并不多(但作为征服者，西班牙男人的社会地位高，所以基因大量流传下来)。 不过，因为大量定居菲律宾吕宋岛的都是华人男子，华人男子普遍娶当地土著妹纸，所以菲律宾的华人本身血统就是混合的。 俺记得几年前遇到的一个菲律宾大妈，她反复强调，她家族是华人和西班牙的混血，没有土著血统，十分不屑和歧视那些”落后野蛮的菲律宾土著“。 俺当时不晓得怎么回话。因为，她和她女儿脸上那么明显的土著特征， 俺反而看不到啥华人和西班牙血统。 她的女儿是个深色皮肤的大美人，不过那是另外一个故事了。 Antonio Miranda Rodríguez本人最后死在Santa Barbara,并埋葬在当地。 在Santa Barbara Mission 教堂的葬礼文件中记载： "Buried this day of May 26, 1784, in the church of the Royal Presidio, Antonio Miranda Rodriguez, a widower of Sinaloa, of the company of leather jacketed soldiers, without the sacraments due to sudden death, by Fr. Vicente de Santa Maria of the Mission of San Buena Ventura." 最后喊口号： 打倒吸血鬼，打倒小毛爹！
标签: 神马
