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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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! [/ q/ F) M. p$ I( G! m" Q军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：8 Q# \# S5 B7 n3 E- b: c
) P" P' ~5 r" d% B0 e0 R6 NUnited States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）
/ m0 F+ n5 }4 V& O, M1 X( |" KUnited States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯） W$ v9 Q1 h8 y* @; s/ a
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）
5 R' c7 o7 a* U/ `1 Y) YUnited States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
. D: z" v+ ~; B7 P o* P5 EUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）
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高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：8 H+ h9 |$ a* C( X- b9 V
% A( W/ ~- E0 V7 d4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放4 V) V$ Z2 B3 P' B1 l J; P
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
4 j; `8 V: q) z w( {+ mTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)* v1 L3 @! v& u. S
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)+ s4 A4 r" `: E
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)# l, N4 O) \2 ^ X0 n: j
% C" g/ t- Q! w# ?, m1个只收ROTC学生" y9 }( v( a' h: X/ d( A
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生# J- i" F! D0 s0 I
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1个军民兼收的私立9 |% O' e$ o9 w5 k, _
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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6 h2 M. s% V0 V# H$ Y州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：4 r) y- ^) f$ i
0 S. Y3 ~' p6 r8 t. y. I( @' X* s) ]California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
% g2 f) R% u3 m! H0 s% yGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
1 s! _& P l! O6 [4 Z9 ~9 {5 {7 QMaine Maritime Academy
8 r5 i0 k a7 R7 T4 XMassachusetts Maritime Academy
5 C" x/ [" e& |7 V4 hState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)% c1 l% d u( S {/ j
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)# M4 K% a6 g d4 D5 ] z b
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：( z$ z- B* H+ J: m/ w; \
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
- ?6 E+ y9 z+ A+ kMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)) S( z: Z1 Z$ C9 H! A
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
4 e. s2 d# \- H$ zValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)1 V% |1 _+ F0 j0 l
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还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：$ g) C- f1 W! R% z5 _
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational), @1 Q) g: R' [- ?' |7 {
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
, y2 C; l6 B7 \Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
. }: a( U: P, K6 w# F: ^- U$ kBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
1 {( {# F/ l4 i" H9 JCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
0 T, [( @3 M6 s) bChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York), _2 [% e! Z0 C% c4 L
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
# i1 `/ h7 b t, _Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
[0 O j' b8 O3 _& E7 uFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)7 Q' g/ }+ J2 ~& Y
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
5 m* b8 k) g$ N' y! h5 bHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)% i: Y7 y' O: b! u
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
5 _& f9 k7 p; |8 KLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
& }! H# d: o: g) B9 n2 ALeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)( L; D# K$ [. _4 ^! y
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)$ R9 {6 t- ?: p6 W# x! K
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)% g6 f0 ], Y& ^. J$ _
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
8 c) q, g( P$ t. p$ wMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
7 X$ z' z) ?# V2 h) B# [8 E+ INew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
& V4 H* I m7 X5 M9 E$ @North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)" U0 }$ C$ K1 b
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational). I! e! x' c9 u. p- v5 v1 a
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
% Y$ I" N( p$ i. \" S6 r, o2 A, E* fRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)* A1 _: a9 t! i6 l- E8 y( p
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
1 H* [4 S7 U/ [: \; v6 F6 p: }1 zSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota): d9 O& f# m' Y' X3 e# S
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)' Y I+ c; u9 s; G: ]" Y1 R5 A
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
% @2 d. o- K- o* `: S4 oSt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)- G5 S( E/ n9 l, q! [: Z
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)% s) k+ c- t9 N" A7 l: _
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
6 G" Y% b1 I1 O9 z; nTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]$ L. q1 g) `: n) ~5 _
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)3 Z% o C* Y2 d
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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6 j; R! R6 a$ W1 C/ iAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)( Y0 B# t5 V+ H
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)/ }) k s4 z. [' H! T& Y6 h
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
6 k1 e. u3 G" ?$ _2 W( mChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)$ P( a. L. K( U8 U$ M7 L: y0 n
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri); \. N8 [8 O9 |( ~" v
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware); R, T) a' Z) h
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
2 e* W: d$ Z5 wFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]2 o J5 G0 t: m5 c2 k) ~
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)- @; O6 b e: I
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)1 ]6 y6 w9 |4 L" t2 h0 z" s
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
( b# _1 i6 @5 u& ^Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)) ~; [2 \3 W: [ I, T( ^
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)2 l5 {) b Q; h0 m8 P4 O
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
2 i: I% D6 y6 b" g4 eNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)4 L1 r, Q5 y9 N/ Z! ^
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)7 R+ N j; i9 }, H; g
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
$ P4 {# X8 Q; [0 u9 q0 ?Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)1 ~2 w4 y/ M7 R0 `
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)1 X9 o; D" G0 C" L% P9 Y
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
7 ~7 a) ]8 Q' ?7 BSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
9 N$ B0 p" Z* a( ]- [; _Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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7 G2 m3 h R' m( _, a9 |在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：* D0 o- R) k) |3 G3 d8 `& n
+ g6 ~' m# N3 P0 D9 }" mUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的
7 }! E! M% m+ t T1 P! YUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校, @) N, Z; B* V" w( `% I L& Y
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
+ X+ I& G9 ?' h. G W/ LNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff
6 N% E% T# j( a/ ANaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面8 d* j5 X' _6 [& x' N4 }
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
% n7 @+ V# S% Z; F9 BAir University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技( ?$ T6 W2 P/ E" q# H% Y
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校
, r/ v! A( C% y% X5 jMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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$ w' I. Z3 ^/ {4 t% R各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。) M. Q6 ]$ c, }# x
. V( L. s' Q" x- C( d绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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