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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 5 d1 \2 t+ ]5 y3 {9 A7 a B
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。5 c- t" L% E4 {! _
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军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：2 ^) Y- ]& K* u h* p7 ^9 q: q
* u) @6 O6 L. r7 V; i3 k1 qUnited States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）
: n" L0 L0 N: J) v' {1 ^United States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）% x# p w+ ]" @# P1 I
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）
7 \& C. F: s/ P0 gUnited States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
5 N& j$ y1 a' F. R4 R4 Q* a rUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）# i/ }0 n8 |( Z: q
+ f1 y% f- Z% e, k( c) ?高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：- i$ q: u8 N9 v- U
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放% a* L% V: n2 m5 r; {9 U
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
+ {' {+ z; o$ R" |' sTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university) s% Z: | @4 h
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)( U9 v$ }$ G) M4 i% N \
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)! |$ I4 _9 ^0 ~; n
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1个只收ROTC学生
! B% d* ~# ]6 [2 ]6 F, z6 b$ nVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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1个军民兼收的私立9 R' o; A' U5 D! E; ]; [) S8 @
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)3 O% N" p0 C) `* D% h1 h
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州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
`9 \! O% p$ _& XGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
# X& r" }1 z1 f( B/ I+ QMaine Maritime Academy
5 M% g' G2 ], K& Z8 a, v2 aMassachusetts Maritime Academy7 p- \. b6 V, y, _3 x8 S/ Z
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
3 b+ P! g; P6 n& h2 ITexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)6 U' ?7 J/ P9 Q: c- p$ Q+ T" z
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
5 i+ |( x* {2 d4 \New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
4 G; ^) q( I( V4 \, ~' {Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)+ _& p3 A3 N) L+ i2 w! g# N
5 H0 a0 Q9 c6 j, c还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
; o* u2 J* G+ D" d9 g& n [& JAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)3 U/ u: P0 h. @" @" ~
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)$ P) @- n9 C5 j0 _3 b5 s
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)1 j- E# E3 q" r7 ]9 Q& m+ \
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)5 r% j) p6 i* A# [5 u) p
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
* {6 E. A' U$ v& }Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
3 C2 o( Q) G4 P ?) S. U( dFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
! `, S6 j& x, S; iFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)4 x3 l v' @' ] R) O
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
! ?( m4 K( `! S; j% v! ~* OHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
6 I4 P) R" @" H7 \! e! WHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)' ?* H/ I0 `9 }
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
# G6 c) c! m4 c/ M, u) mLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
+ l( O1 v: b( J/ U* r' h! s, ELyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
/ O1 J$ Q0 L0 Z$ `& RMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas), C% n" d) _) s2 C; {
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
9 k' @6 ]3 J$ {0 HMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
m; p" w: T" O! r' jNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
j* E0 N6 \4 ~: VNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
) a" v, W2 t' P6 A4 B2 m- a1 |Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
7 R( K g3 h/ t' d, R# G5 TRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
) ?! q5 l- Y/ H8 }Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
8 \; O; R2 }( a+ x% rSan Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)$ y8 @, I4 k4 N
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
$ C7 n( b" k: a2 g" F- C3 [$ c- r. ISt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
8 O/ K8 _1 B$ l3 g7 ASt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)9 ~2 `/ Q4 W3 t3 j, G/ n( b2 Y7 h
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)5 i7 ~ @" |! k% D" o* C
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)# D' {+ E) h5 E7 e- X
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
1 G5 j5 k3 h, g0 h. STMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]( J5 a0 u2 N/ ]
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)1 Q0 [8 |+ ?! `$ l5 P2 C3 f
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
, v6 l- ^ v* qBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut); E. o2 Z$ |0 S% |; e, N
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)7 ]* H, b, E8 U
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)* ^) S& H5 w; Z
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
5 y0 u8 p0 i' c/ Z0 j! e$ K: G6 jDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)( e2 D9 z3 T! z# d: u* [
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
5 F# K2 k$ b- d6 jFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
! o9 x* F5 t0 C7 o4 pGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
% H6 u1 G4 B2 n8 n' Q# I8 DHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
7 |1 h& u, x4 v' }6 e9 GKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]0 e, X+ g3 C3 m
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)6 a5 A, ?7 q4 @0 ]/ e" V- ^
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)& x; Q8 o/ B s- C" w
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)# C; [! J' T0 L9 L! p/ _! w
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)0 g2 \7 R# e& B4 u0 H; w
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)" _0 b: f9 n( f1 E+ q9 ~
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
5 G# J4 `8 R1 a5 _Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
# C+ a% Z1 U2 R. Y- q6 nRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
" G& t# _+ L" ]; i5 cSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)5 ^2 k, Q' C/ k7 p; R) z
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)3 H/ D4 @- N9 X6 ?) Z
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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- ~* S' X$ _& R `0 X3 o: W在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的' g, j3 g7 g+ y" ]4 l
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校/ \$ N; t7 `! u2 m6 W4 ^; J
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)- i) t/ [2 Q2 c; M4 W
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff
4 g; }- l! @, b4 O- e. v! gNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
6 C9 b7 t f& Y& gMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)( J; r- L g! k
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技
1 B7 L. S8 e4 R6 i; z9 f- T% ZNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校: r7 h" J0 ~' m1 @. I% W
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校$ T) W, b: c( ?- z( z4 M
; S8 T0 W- U' e# i各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。3 A+ l+ J% Z# w: b1 Y' t! L
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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