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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。4 m5 e0 L' N, Y% s2 o$ m S0 y
& t' K3 @! E1 Q" \8 `军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：
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United States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）
- c- f& b: b( l6 O6 K" g6 R) WUnited States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）/ U% U) R. R) Y+ T- k; h
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）$ s; ^! ?* k; z
United States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
0 q' B& F2 z, Y5 M9 iUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）8 ~$ r% v9 I P$ I0 c
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高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放
3 M# c! B8 R' {4 O* HThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college): B5 f r8 y2 ?( D
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)3 z, P* K9 O% w2 M9 c& K7 Y% L" x' E& x
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)2 e! y- v5 d: u( U4 R, x& H" A
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)' E1 n, q, F# g) V4 F) y
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1个只收ROTC学生+ P# T# n: u9 g/ ] s4 d
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生; w9 J. o, Q& n; Z; y
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1个军民兼收的私立
( n+ f- B! u5 F0 w4 FNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)# e2 m5 K" A' ]! c* w$ P# c1 v
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州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)8 T& U% B! z, r7 ?; F Z
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
" H6 `' H5 S a' uMaine Maritime Academy8 ~1 Q+ [" P) ?- ]6 M+ l4 D! f# U
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
& L1 X1 M6 G8 Q( x* P8 bState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system). G! N, o9 W# x0 ?
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System); c- e# B4 }$ { p0 c Z4 l1 U
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia): x' }# A ]) D. ^
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
# x# o# p8 l/ y: _0 Z, A( Y7 m4 Q+ dNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
0 c/ e" S: M. aValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)8 [& I; _% T0 n* }
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还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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) J7 t; |& Z1 y2 e1 e- tAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
$ {2 H# _0 c6 @8 b5 ?4 y+ lAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)* ]$ R6 j! v: P2 U4 F* A
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
) }" \; {' h/ j. l3 B4 F2 ~( uBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)- X9 z* @0 \ Y2 l
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina) X3 {, n2 y7 N2 m0 \8 `
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
! N) L* v- x+ }3 e6 ?" n. O$ ]Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)5 O: S$ H- H+ K0 n; h
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)2 L; |) |4 [; O) ]
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
0 g/ ]( k, t# @ I* f7 |Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
( m9 _% |. Z( P" v0 WHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
* y9 u% k) l/ \Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
" V2 U. d4 b% j2 @% h# SLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
3 @7 s0 u# ^) [( s; f, @" ZLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
1 s- P! \1 I4 M4 XLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
% n, L1 I3 w# q- t7 t+ N0 j+ I: mMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
, u- N3 ]5 I0 w( K9 r% l: |; GMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)8 \. j/ Y1 H9 B
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)3 ~2 W( X7 L/ F1 c% Y0 B+ B3 o
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)& P3 S% v5 J# A& R
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
! }* n; R( m7 B7 K& _4 n5 QOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational); o/ e/ X1 ~- x3 `- {% `( A, r3 e
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational), x* _/ y* B8 u9 f) H6 g
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)1 @% G E4 B" ~5 ?
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
S" v3 I$ ]& H7 E) g) u# |, nSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
; w7 P0 a0 h% c3 B5 y3 S" l) f* R' \St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
# d1 R! R: ~+ G: @7 P( TSt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)% R; F, w- L6 M" b) { i& k
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
4 Q" p! k: I" I, |' v# CSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)3 w4 d- P% I& _# f, B* T5 f
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)+ b6 H4 J: {+ H2 v Z2 M0 d
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]$ Y$ b: b$ n0 J7 M/ D9 B
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)/ q" _" v% H) g
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：" J5 ]/ h5 G$ H: ]. [ k
/ b9 X% \8 W5 L$ @% M1 I+ q. `/ xAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)5 E$ L7 c' j9 h0 k' f0 M
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)& S2 `) S. U& V7 }' b
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
3 [- L( O# L# h9 _. [! CChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)% w% u5 p; ]" y9 Y) ?9 _7 o
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)" H. ] s0 ], ]. g
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
2 B5 @7 h3 h9 BFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware): e A! L) r, x
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]# a* {& @* Q X! q
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
3 m6 ?, K* ^; R {# IHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)! U8 D) p3 d2 ` O/ W
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]) |& H- B* l3 X$ b* M& t
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)) V/ [6 U: r/ n7 y" T9 _+ o
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)7 ~8 [! D. W" D
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
0 u( t& N9 @6 Z( z! ?/ m* NNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
1 o' I. P. e5 N9 }4 w d' TOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)+ r+ P$ c( O& }0 q
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
& G1 M5 p# I: {2 m# q& V: oPhoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
# z7 S {8 \3 T5 m% d+ W( |; QRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
$ B- J* r4 b, k, F( v" VSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida): s/ g8 g6 Q* [; |
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)$ [, ]) H, o% ]$ y( B; Q
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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p, G- G8 s1 L# X. i) U" g6 l在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：
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8 H9 m) K# c+ y& {United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的& I, e- x" h2 [
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校2 }: \) t+ J( W$ W
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
- z& c# ^3 I. `, `Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff( z) y! i2 U# M3 @( ]
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面' x' t( O l6 q- u% M$ q
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia): l! @# T' ]3 k# n N* Q
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技% f% _0 o+ `8 W2 W0 [0 N
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校2 p4 m4 E2 m) [6 M+ I5 _7 E- J
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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9 m" m( {/ O6 N0 V* d各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。
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' j% {& B# _5 r, {! n: \5 i绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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