|
|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。. h$ p* k D9 G8 D$ O/ @
0 q% q" p# @8 a+ a# yLet S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}.
/ Z( Z' S. J d, _& S$ M$ E8 ]: \* N$ L( U; Z& s, q
For w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.; ]+ ]; d7 B$ l; z* N6 V0 Y
# f' {- v8 C" w: ?' ~. w
For w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).. O1 W7 I: p/ N6 h2 s
& p. C6 Z x- V* y" j* H% h
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).0 R2 r2 _0 v: S6 ?8 h; I
. |0 H& |% y s s4 }6 B
理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|