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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 4 A G- J9 W- Y! H2 j
* |0 W9 B0 P$ H: p# Y军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)- q2 p! ^0 C2 t
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
! p( ]" M2 {% b2 `! w+ RUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)1 Y5 `0 a" \8 X
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)6 |3 U9 |& c6 r$ N$ ^
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
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2 Q# Z6 G5 [ A" j2 Q高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:/ c- [& f& {. A/ P( S' a2 h$ e
( c# h# R0 [0 R+ |8 ~- |2 I1 k |4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放
1 {; k9 q( y# YThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
9 ?: f% }; h4 H. f4 B. v8 GTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
/ B7 r0 m; N* ] yUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)( l' |. m# n! Y4 @- Q; I, }
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)2 w. j2 p2 @' t6 ]) H8 e
: @' ?" C9 _) t$ W1个只收ROTC学生/ ~- c& n" F/ o N
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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8 c7 @$ U7 @, k1个军民兼收的私立
0 r: u( b8 E+ l* FNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:: R" @; b. _3 r% F
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system) K I0 E/ P1 s) t0 I
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)! c) z4 b$ I( O, q9 U) [# J
Maine Maritime Academy' [2 ^0 v1 x) H$ H: ~
Massachusetts Maritime Academy# }6 E# l9 u$ z. n) c" \, x
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
7 o/ P" L( f, j+ u. VTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System), K' }& X @, b. `1 [
$ o/ z5 H. u# z6 i$ Y军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:- a0 Z) [4 t2 Y* Q
# V' \) _/ I9 z! |1 KGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
3 z$ ] {+ a% z, t* \7 K6 o8 ~Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
% X& T: u7 o: v- A" [& M; p+ BNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)0 ]4 T/ ?8 _9 @2 g; w6 x/ J5 R
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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8 \8 a: }, I4 g; \还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
$ a8 U! t7 p0 v5 R9 Q7 N6 y6 W& Q, ?American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
S6 n. a6 b$ N! {- WArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)4 T4 U$ o7 F. s" W3 z. d
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)+ b `; f( ?2 A9 s1 ]/ s( A! @
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)1 K/ ^$ b) `: X9 { E
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York). _) M# D6 G4 _/ T" d/ T
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)4 w% B0 Q8 j3 k: x& J! B
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
" {+ f2 G0 j8 L7 B8 Y8 I5 V2 PFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005); i1 y0 l" q9 o6 s$ d
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
: s6 W, t5 T d2 U* B) |Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)$ z4 x' L- C2 K; S9 r; K. v
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
' @6 v* L; q+ i9 C7 |! O0 TLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)1 K1 O, B# P; W& l8 ?
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
! a. v' E; q% ~6 F7 ZLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)7 j: _. E& z1 E0 B, e* e5 r* ]0 _
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)5 c5 f! F1 H" W: ]( Y( e
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)5 ?: \3 J# e7 C9 n
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
; f4 d3 t$ m- d$ t1 SNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)3 R! X0 {& ]5 s5 H' o( x& B
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
' z8 K- k/ u; Z! VOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
( h" m) j/ V0 S/ j: aRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)( t9 n+ f7 e! b7 f; B
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia) a1 x/ \/ s, T4 d$ k3 n1 O. V+ h) I
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)3 ^! O1 W6 s1 C
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
6 K; Y, X- ^( [4 J2 U% A7 ESt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)+ B8 E# p3 X2 X
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
# H9 q+ k9 |1 i% n4 f4 QSt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
4 c) r0 a( B: Q( g, _St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)$ O9 k8 m9 t9 }2 J
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)/ D5 D7 u+ J! M/ Y
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
# _! C9 f8 `( X4 ]# @5 uValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)2 G0 b& B$ \: n( `" D1 R
: j! I2 J/ v8 x更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
; s( [8 w ?+ ?; F: i8 m% eBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
# v- k0 h3 j) F/ A; p! \7 JCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)' d/ V6 @! ?- C6 j
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 D0 r: H8 q! p& V
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)- R7 e0 m( `1 ~3 c
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware): G4 A, I" e( l# l8 k
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)6 j0 U! o7 C& C7 Q
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]2 [, X$ M+ h) B& X8 @+ O
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
( x/ i% V i) c# s( ?6 DHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida): T0 T1 f5 ?8 z( `
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]$ Y0 t" W) y5 K% _
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey). |. [, @4 [7 L& }3 d+ O6 p, W
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
- f$ X) J7 i- _7 UNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
+ z& u; I" d* u# SNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)' k$ I9 c0 d) Y$ B7 A& q. x
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)$ h% I7 U' v6 N% ?+ N
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]) E) W g( W9 F! b7 K
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
, A4 X& I5 f, e- L9 K: iRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
: m! X$ A- j- _& f9 e% Q+ m% kSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
' w9 n N2 ^ r- L2 iSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
. F: G1 ], h% O( a! t$ D4 uUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)7 g+ y9 D$ A7 }8 K5 |. v* {: u
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:. U& K: a7 ? n; S$ ]6 ]
b' y$ @6 Y+ \+ k# c ?% u6 XUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
) _. K& @+ s! p) t; K' Y" FUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
$ v7 A0 e5 D. H$ I9 bUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
1 x+ E# r8 V0 n) FNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff
z8 O9 K) Y" S0 f$ A1 ?* jNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
+ C" ?- `% W# q& Z8 qMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
2 f: w' [/ P8 M+ ~6 RAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
- q6 z0 e; p( P9 VNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校
/ i& Z4 F# D7 ?% S+ r# K. pMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。# w* G0 N1 N9 [1 m, p/ D' L# r0 ~+ A
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绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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