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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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$ Q+ m% Z: T) b9 `" f0 a军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：4 a( ?6 ]5 j& [# T! A
* Z6 e3 s r* y" }! oUnited States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）$ i+ {7 \2 x4 x0 v& \
United States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）# E; F/ ^0 w% e( n4 e" i. d
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）8 e5 Y$ R! o1 a; W9 l0 m
United States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）) c3 a, N5 N, h& n+ R! g
United States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）. z+ _. r. I! L
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高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：/ u/ S- K; R) c x% I4 j
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放
" C# [. O( u; D' ]! ]The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college), m, c+ f9 L- X) Z* y ?
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university): x* z+ x e' D
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)6 @ O- V# R' C& b, B! Q& p& }7 X
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)# N7 t2 |; A; ]
* E! |7 h4 i, H! A2 E0 U; q2 `1个只收ROTC学生
. I& {, ?' I2 _& U/ f1 j8 i3 k5 |Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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& ]4 f5 h# `! p/ y8 D/ ]5 j1个军民兼收的私立% f8 r3 R: Z8 @- C6 ]
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
% ~3 {3 h" L6 H" i4 uGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
; Y$ |3 x } M2 g8 z( qMaine Maritime Academy9 I3 h# b5 r, C7 {
Massachusetts Maritime Academy J, v' Y: B/ t% |7 C# U
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
o; g+ o- }- V9 _2 J0 \Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System): z! L1 z! k( n% X# z/ A' O
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
9 @/ s6 B* H) d) NMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)0 w; j# f( ?$ N, }
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
c8 }: g) o3 g# u WValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)$ E5 b8 J3 e) `4 G3 J; Z0 r
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还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)6 |: L$ _+ q8 S% E& L- I
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
" t1 P9 V5 [5 L' T Y6 x0 iArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)" [- f6 D x! J' S
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)' F% t3 d& G+ g( \
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina); Q2 c \+ @; N* K
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)4 m- L. t) X* ^8 w
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana) z) R( c0 G) H
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
+ k) L! R! e, p. r# iFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)% w# C2 I8 x( p; Q H( H+ A
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)2 M: K% ]# f! e/ ]5 A
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
. a) g* U% O) Z+ v) NHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)4 q/ `- ~. j/ J+ I' M: u
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York): B4 Q# C: a0 Q5 N4 c
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational). m3 M4 i8 z) W) L& A
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)4 v/ f( S8 H$ ~" x+ \9 H
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
% L- b9 [/ x" z1 s$ A* M) fMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
* Q K0 e! Z& O O/ I# r+ QMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)6 Z7 k- |6 E/ [2 }
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)- L* F) B5 F- D- ~$ i
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)9 W1 Z( n1 V/ i
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational) b' {5 P4 n' D3 H
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
! y, \! V) E/ BRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)- e) x0 J1 f; O0 `9 C
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
- g2 P0 x1 G3 u9 ]+ s3 G, ^Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota) s7 w+ X4 b+ S" x! r* I
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
& ?; N! V4 }5 d1 cSt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
. I9 v* \8 W3 _( q1 E! P5 s1 ASt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
) U f! ~3 i2 \4 ySt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)1 |. W: j0 O7 ^2 c* Q% b. D. h1 d/ T. |
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)1 V- A' _7 e4 w% L
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
! i0 N6 a o% L1 N( f0 A" PValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois), v R- A. l* q( X8 }: H ^' k% \0 ^6 c
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
- g; @, Y' f- o3 N% I8 ^Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
/ N5 q2 w! h1 e; a3 ^. qChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
$ A) E7 A8 \; H- ^6 bCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
: o2 w! Z9 T, M' H, N5 b3 F9 ?' DDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
4 s2 a( H* P- \ j7 m! tFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
' A5 T" T Y; V& y7 IFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]$ c. X {* B8 }; C6 v0 o) `9 ?
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)) w9 c O5 p, q9 s& H
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
: a) d4 A3 c) q& J1 jKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
$ B2 g. G4 `0 A: U; SMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
2 ~! x1 j# ^" P2 O S/ kMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
, Z6 z3 g6 \; J" _) a) qNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
6 T6 ], L3 K9 `0 VNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)3 U; U; h7 }: h2 |
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
. H+ q' m I/ d2 H9 ^& q3 `; E# wPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]1 }$ ~2 n; u: Z8 @& `" q1 {
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)8 j) F+ ?1 c! O- U3 A8 V
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)2 _7 @' m! u; j; M2 `
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)' O# s0 }/ u( i4 F3 |9 }
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)" T6 _/ ^$ R" d
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)6 q( t$ J4 H u$ c
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在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：
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% Y! V3 Q8 ?3 O5 mUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的* r _) {) j5 \0 T* O# h4 E. \6 \
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校0 C1 C; S9 M; c$ d. e4 p
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)& Y5 `# B6 F" @& U% F
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff
9 W4 S o: N0 P/ n; o; mNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
+ \1 h3 K' r; A. lMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
0 d. X( X* }7 TAir University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技
" z9 Q R% U! z4 V9 f+ |) JNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校
. Y9 H4 E5 s9 @% E- ^" Q5 x5 O* NMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校9 n. t0 m/ i3 E+ R1 y
: J4 a6 ^. P, W; `& q9 J各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。$ a5 q: v! A3 \+ h. N F
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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