The bone of contention is whether ratification would jeopardise the current privileges enjoyed by Bumiputra and the status of Islam under the constitution. Opponents zoomed in on the Malays’ “special position”, as enshrined in Article 153 of the constitution, which allows for affirmative action and quotas for positions in public service, as well as permits for businesses and scholarships. They say signing ICERD would end those privileges and also the “special position”.