大概军迷都会晓得二战中的谢尔曼坦克。 当然谢尔曼坦克是以美国南北战争中的著名北军将领谢尔曼命名的。 谢尔曼全名是William T. Sherman. 这个T. 是Tecumseh Tecumseh 是美国早期历史中著名的土著领袖。 在美国边境历史上的一个小战争Tecumseh战争就是以他命名的。 日后，他跟加拿大的英国人联盟在1812年的战争中于美国交战。 谢尔曼的老爸佩服这位土著领袖，于是给自己的儿子命名Tecumseh。 谢尔曼最出名的还是其在南北战争中深入南方的大后方“向大海进军”，将南方一分为二。 谢尔曼充分认识到战争的残酷性。 著名的英语名言“War is Hell" 战争是地狱， 就是他说的。 早在南北战争打响之前他曾对南方的某教授说过： You people of the South don't know what you are doing. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. War is a terrible thing! You mistake, too, the people of the North. They are a peaceable people but an earnest people, and they will fight, too. They are not going to let this country be destroyed without a mighty effort to save it… Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? The North can make a steam engine, locomotive, or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or pair of shoes can you make. You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical, and determined people on Earth — right at your doors. You are bound to fail. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, shut out from the markets of Europe as you will be, your cause will begin to wane. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. 你们南方人不晓得你们在做神马， 这个国家将在血液中浸透 ，只有上帝才晓得是神马结局。 这是愚蠢，是疯狂，是对文明的犯罪！ 你们很轻松地讲战争；你们不晓得你们在讲神马。战争是十分可怕的事。你们也把北方人估计错了。 他们是爱和平的人但也是认真的人，他们也会战斗。 他们将投入巨大的努力不让这个国家被摧毁 。。。 再说了，你们需要和他们抗争的人和战争的武器在哪里？北方可以制造蒸汽机，火车头，火车厢；你们连鞋子和一丈布都不能自给。 你们在抢着冲着去跟地球上最强大，最附有工业技术和最有决心的人群去作战-就在你们门口！ 你们注定了将要失败。只有你们的精神和决心上做了战争准备。 其他的方面你们完全没有准备，而且还是一个烂的战争理由。 最开始你们会有一些成功，但当你们有限的资源开始耗尽，因为你们将被从欧洲的市场封锁，你们的事业将开始衰败。 你们这帮人如果停下来想一想，就会知道你们最终将以失败告终。 谢尔曼本人也不是南方人描写的喋血大魔头。他承认他厌倦了战争。 I confess, without shame, that I am sick and tired of fighting — its glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands, and fathers ... it is only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated ... that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. 我没有耻辱感地承认， 我厌倦了战争-它的光荣完全是一派胡言 ； 一将功成万骨枯，即使最辉煌的成功也是建立在死人和残缺的肢体，远方亲人的痛苦，向我要儿子，丈夫，父亲。。。 只有那些从来没有听到过枪声，从没有听过伤员的嚎叫的人。。。咆哮着要更多的血，更多的复仇，更多的废墟。 谢尔曼对战争的性质有充分的认识： Every attempt to make war easy and safe will result in humiliation and disaster 每一个企图使战争容易和安全的试图都将导致屈辱和灾难 对他来说，最好解决战争的方法就是赢了这场战争。 谢尔曼是在现代战争中最早实行全面战争的将领之一。 他坚信只有将南方在战略上，经济上和心理上彻底打垮，才能赢得这场战争。 同时他了解到，南方的男人都被征发上了跟北军对持的前线，后方完全空虚。 他要在南方的大后方放一把大火。 这才有了他著名的深入南方的大后方“向大海进军”。 他的6万大军开始了大规模的“打草谷”。为了减轻后勤的负担，他的大军是就地取食的。 No rebels shall be allowed to remain at Davis Mill so much as an hour. Allow them to go, but do not let them stay. And let it be known that if a farmer wishes to burn his cotton, his house, his family, and himself, he may do so. But not his corn. We want that. 一小时内没有叛逆者将被允许待在Davis Mill。 他们可以走，但不能留下。 让他们知道如果那个农民希望烧光自己的棉花，自己的房子，自己的家人，或自己，他可以自便。 但他不能烧他的玉米。我们需要（他的玉米）。 在1864年，战争开始后的第三年，他在信中说道： If they want eternal war, well and good; we accept the issue, and will dispossess them and put our friends in their place. I know thousands and millions of good people who at simple notice would come to North Alabama and accept the elegant houses and plantations there. If the people of Huntsville think different, let them persist in war three years longer, and then they will not be consulted. Three years ago by a little reflection and patience they could have had a hundred years of peace and prosperity, but they preferred war; very well. Last year they could have saved their slaves, but now it is too late. All the powers of earth cannot restore to them their slaves, any more than their dead grandfathers. Next year their lands will be taken, for in war we can take them, and rightfully, too, and in another year they may beg in vain for their lives. A people who will persevere in war beyond a certain limit ought to know the consequences. Many, many peoples with less pertinacity have been wiped out of national existence. 如果他们希望永远的战争，很好；我们接受， 我们将剥夺他们的财产，将我们的朋友放在他们的位置上。我知道成千上万的人会接到通知后立刻来到北阿拉巴马，来接受这里高雅的房屋和庄园。如果Huntsville 的人继续坚持3年，他们不会有商量的余地。 三年前，他们本来可以通过一点反思和耐心就得到一百年的和平和繁荣，但他们宁愿选择战争； 很好。 去年他们还可以保住他们的奴隶，现在已经太晚了。地球上所有的力量都无法让他们重新拥有奴隶了。明年，他们的土地也将被拿走，战争中我们可以理所当然拿走他们的土地，再过一年，他们将白白滴祈求他们的生命。 一个在战争中坚持过了某个时间段的民众应该知道后果。许多许多没有那么顽固的人群已经灭族了 。 谢尔曼在战前并不是废奴者。在当时的普遍接受的种族主义思想下，他并不认为黑人应该和白人是平等的。 在战争中，他认为赢得战争是主要任务而不是解放黑奴。 但在围攻亚特兰大的时候，他不得不号召黑奴起来帮助北军。 My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." I did not want them to cast in our teeth what General Hood had once done at Atlanta, that we had to call on their slaves to help us to subdue them. But, as regards kindness to the race ..., I assert that no army ever did more for that race than the one I commanded at Savannah. 我的目标是痛打叛逆者，打压他们的傲气，追逐他们去他们的老窝，让他们害怕我们。“ 对上帝的恐惧是智慧的开始 ” 我并不希望他们像在亚特兰大一样顽固抵抗，我们被迫号召奴隶起来帮助我们镇压他们。。。，但我强调没有另外一个军队像我在Savannah统领的那样给这个种族（黑人）那么多慈善。 在亚特兰大投降以后， 谢尔曼下令所有人离开城市，他将发一把大火。市议会请求他改回他的命令，因为城市中主要是妇女，小孩和老人，被迫拆迁将为这些没有直接参加战争的人带来极大的困难。 他答复： You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it ; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. If the United States submits to a division now, it will not stop, but will go on until we reap the fate of Mexico, which is eternal war. The United States does and must assert its authority, wherever it once had power; for, if it relaxes one bit to pressure, it is gone, and I believe that such is the national feeling. 你不可能比我将战争的描写的更严厉。 战争是残酷的，你不可能改善它 ； 这些为我们国家带来战争的人活该得到一个民族所能给予的所有的诅咒。我知道我没有发动这场战争，我知道我会比你们所有人都会为和平作出更多的牺牲。 但你不可能将和平和国家的分裂共有。 如果合众国同意分裂，分裂不会停止，而会继续直到我们得到墨西哥一样的命运，永久的战争。 合众国在其原来拥有权力的地区维护其权威，如果它将压力放松一点点，（权威）就没了。 ，我相信这是我们的民族感情。 I repeat then that, by the original compact of government, the United States had certain rights in Georgia, which have never been relinquished and never will be; that the South began the war by seizing forts, arsenals, mints, custom-houses, etc., etc., long before Mr. Lincoln was installed, and before the South had one jot or tittle of provocation. I myself have seen in Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, hundreds and thousands of women and children fleeing from your armies and desperadoes, hungry and with bleeding feet. In Memphis, Vicksburg, and Mississippi, we fed thousands and thousands of the families of rebel soldiers left on our hands, and whom we could not see starve. Now that war comes to you, you feel very different. You deprecate its horrors, but did not feel them when you sent car-loads of soldiers and ammunition, and moulded shells and shot, to carry war into Kentucky and Tennessee, to desolate the homes of hundreds and thousands of good people who only asked to live in peace at their old homes, and under the Government of their inheritance. But these comparisons are idle. 我重复一遍， 根据最早的政府合约，合众国在乔治亚州有一定的权力，这些权力从来没有也永远不会被放弃； 通过强占要塞，弹药库，造币厂，海关等等，南方开始了这场战争，这是远远早于在林肯先生上位以前，在南方没有受到任何挑衅的时候。 我在密苏里，肯德基，田纳西和密西西比，亲眼看到成千上万的妇女和儿童逃避你 们 的军队和亡命之徒，忍受着饥饿和流血的脚。 在孟菲斯，Vicksburg 和密西西比，我们喂养了成千上万的叛逆者士兵留下的家庭因为我们不忍心看他们挨饿。 现在战争来到你们身边，你们感到不一样了。你们抨击战争的可怕，但当你们送一列列火车的士兵和军火，各类的弹药，将战争带去肯德基和田纳西的时候，去将成千上万的只希望和平生活在自己家乡和政府下，的好人们的家园，变得荒凉的时候，你们没有感受。 不过这些比喻都是没有必要的。 I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect an early success. 我希望和平，我坚信只有通过统一和战争才能取得这个和平，我将为了更完美更早的结束而进行这场战争。 和平来到的时候，你们可以叫上我做任何事。 那时我将和你们分享我的最后一块饼干，保护你们的家和家庭从一切的危险。 接下来，他烧掉了亚特兰大。 并一路上烧到了大海边。 I can make this march, and I will make Georgia howl! 我将完成这个（向大海的）进军， 而且我将让乔治亚州嚎叫！
标签: 乔治