Sonnet 1
1. From fairest creatures we desire increase,
2. That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
3. But as the riper should by time decease,
4. His tender heir might bear his memory:
5. But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,
6. Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
7. Making a famine where abundance lies,
8. Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:
9. Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,
10. And only herald to the gaudy spring,
11. Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
12. And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:
13. Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
14. To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
注:
1. 第一行,From fairest creatures we desire increase, 正常句式应该是We desire to increase from fairest creature. 为了作诗省略了不定式符号to。这句中的动词increase既有繁衍也有数目不断增长双重意思。所以这句话的意思是说我们都希望从最美的生灵中繁衍成长。
2. 第二行,That thereby beauty's rose might never die在这句里beauty’s rose是作比喻用,并不是实指玫瑰,而是间接又巧妙地指美好的人与其后代,聪明的读者一定会看出这里面的修辞手法。另外,从诗意的多重性来说,诗人在这里把他写诗歌所歌颂的对象称为最美的生灵,同时比作玫瑰,言下之意是说人们都希望像他那样出生高贵又有美德的人多多的繁衍后代;这样他这种人的美质才会长盛不衰。由此而连带出更深一层意思:玫瑰花只是美的外表,而美的实质则是永恒又普遍的。我在《前言》里已经指出,这说法的理论源泉来自柏拉图。请注意,莎士比亚在这里就间接说出了这位“你”是美的实质。这是莎士比亚在开篇就为后面的许多类似作品定下的调子。以后我们可以看出这是莎士比亚用十四行诗歌赞颂这位青年的主调。
3. 第 5 -7 行,根据P, contracted to thine own bright eyes, self-substantial fuel在这里具有强烈的性暗示,暗示男性的自恋和自慰; where abundance lies暗指女性的丰腴之地。
Sonnet 2
1.When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,
2. And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
3. Thy youth's proud livery so gazed on now,
4. Will be a totter'd weed of small worth held:
5. Then being asked, where all thy beauty lies,
6. Where all the treasure of thy lusty days;
7. To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes,
8. Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise.
9. How much more praise deserv'd thy beauty's use,
10. If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine
11. Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,'
12. Proving his beauty by succession thine!
13. This were to be new made when thou art old,
14. And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold.
2
当寒冬四十次围住眉毛,
在美的原野上深掘战壕,
你如今青春骄贵行情俏,
将不值钱,就一把荒草。
假如问及你所有的美丽,
还有贪欲的宝宝哪去了,
答曰,都往深深眼窝浇,
啥都会羞死,赞誉也徒劳。
若答曰,‘我这孩子多美妙,
总结我一生,让我没白老,‘
他的美继承了你的美好,
美你这么用,赞誉值多少。
这才是新生长成你虽老,
此身血虽冷彼身热血跑。
注:
1. 第三行中的 livery 在这里是借代,指高贵的外表,并非是实指表示贵族身份的衣服。
2. 第六行Where all the treasure of thy lusty days; 贪欲之日的宝贝(the treasure of thy lusty days)是文雅之词,既让男人贪欲,又传宗接代, 所以称为宝贝,这是与作者同时代流行的说法. 请参见Partridge.
3. 第七行,To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes, 深陷的眼窝,是借代。综合第六,七这两行的意思是说:贪欲的宝贝都到深深的眼窝里去了。这里面有至少两层意思:一指眼眶里饱含泪水,即自恋;另一层意思暗指年轻的贵族把自己当作性爱的对象。 作者: 山菊 时间: 2012-1-10 11:27
7. Making a famine where abundance lies,
山菊 发表于 2012-1-9 22:27
7. Making a famine where abundance lies,
是不是也有捧着金碗讨饭的意思?
谢谢方解石,也谢谢山菊的探讨。我觉得,诗歌歌颂的对象是位高级贵族,捧这金饭碗这个意思是有可能从abundance这个词里读出来的,至于讨饭是从哪儿看出来的,我不清楚。abundance在这里主要有两层意思,主要意思abundance of beauty, 即丰富的美德,另一层意思就是 abundance of productivity, 即许多的生育的能力,所以那个地方就是丰腴的地方的意思。相对于前面的famine, 隐含的productivity的意思就更加突出。famine本来在字面上是饥饿造成的灾荒的意思,但在这里相对于producitivty 就有了断子绝孙的意思。另外,make a famine是 make (yourself) a famine (字面意思是给自己制造饥荒,含蓄的意思是让自己断子绝孙)的省略,相当与she will make (herself) a good wife (她会做一个好妻子)这样的句式。这些细节都是莎士比亚高超的把玩语言文字艺术的能力的体现。英文文学作品和汉语文学作品一样,有许多省略,含蓄,修辞,等等特殊的表达方式。同样,翻译时目标语言也要适当的补充和省略,这样才能翻译出原文的意思和味道来。
顺便说一下,你们这儿有个很好的特点,就是自己写的文章可以反复修改,万维就不行。所以以后我就来这里落草了,呵呵。作者: 山菊 时间: 2012-1-11 12:17
Sonnet 3
1. Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest
2. Now is the time that face should form another;
3. Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,
4. Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.
5. For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb
6. Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?
7. Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
8. Of his self-love, to stop posterity?
9. Thou art thy mother's glass and she in thee
10. Calls back the lovely April of her prime;
11. So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,
12. Despite of wrinkles this thy golden time.
13. But if thou live, remember'd not to be,
14. Die single and thine image dies with thee.
注:
1. 第一行中的glass,在十四行诗中一般都是指mirror.
2. 第三行,Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest 是to renew something’s fresh repair这个习惯搭配的变异,即从头把…修葺一新的意思,加强前面的reform(再造一个)的意思。这句话的言下之意是你这张脸庞开始显老了,如果你还不赶快生个有这张脸庞的孩子,那么以后就生不出来了,世上就少了一份某位女人做母亲的福气。
3. 第四行中的unbless some mother是剥夺某个女人做母亲的福气的意思。
4. 第五行, For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb 中的unear'd 是unploughed的比喻和夸张用法。
5. 第六行,Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry中的husbandry是个双关,既指辛勤管理农田又指做丈夫这一身份。
沅湘 发表于 2012-1-17 01:45
Sonnet 3
1. Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest
2. Now is the time that face should f ...
Sonnet 4
1. Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend
2. Upon thy self thy beauty's legacy?
3. Nature's bequest gives nothing, but doth lend,
4. And being frank she lends to those are free:
5. Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou abuse
6. The bounteous largess given thee to give?
7. Profitless usurer, why dost thou use
8. So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?
9. For having traffic with thy self alone,
10. Thou of thy self thy sweet self dost deceive:
11. Then how when nature calls thee to be gone,
12. What acceptable audit canst thou leave?
13. Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee,
14. Which, used, lives th' executor to be.
4
3. 第四行中 those are free = those who are free spirited, 根据Booth,没有语法上的错误,是为了方便写诗的变通。另外这个片语是指精神上自由大方的人, 特指文艺复兴时期所倡导的具有独立精神的人,这是美的实质。 作者: 山菊 时间: 2012-2-16 23:08
谢谢加注,很有帮助!
Those hours, that with gentle work did frame
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,
Will play the tyrants to the very same
And that unfair which fairly doth excel:
For never-resting time leads summer on
To hideous winter and confounds him there;
Sap cheque'd with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,
Beauty o'ersnow'd and bareness every where:
Then, were not summer's distillation left,
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,
Nor it nor no remembrance what it was:
But flowers distill'd though they with winter meet,
Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.
注:
1. 第一行,Those hours, that with gentle work did frame温柔地将你的眼睛塑造出来的时辰,暗指男女的温柔行为导致怀孕的那些时间。
2. 第二行,The lovely gaze where中的where 是whereon的省略,意思相当于on which.
3. 第四行,And that unfair which fairly doth exceed,正常语序是and unfair that which doth fairly exceed ,这里unfair 是作动词用,这个分句的意思是剥夺拥有超群绝伦之美者的美。这是一个定语从句,修饰第三行里的tyrant。
4. 第九行,Then, were not summer's distillation left, = were it not for summer’s distillation left, 虚拟语气,要不是有夏天萃取的精华留了下来的意思。
5. 第十行,A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass中的walls of glass指盛玫瑰香精的小小的玻璃管。
6. 第十四行,Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet中的Leese = release,为了写诗省掉了一个音节。 作者: 山菊 时间: 2012-2-21 23:20
Then let not winter's ragged hand deface
In thee thy summer, ere thou be distill'd:
Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place
With beauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd.
That use is not forbidden usury,
Which happies those that pay the willing loan;
That's for thyself to breed another thee,
Or ten times happier, be it ten for one;
Ten times thyself were happier than thou art,
If ten of thine ten times refigured thee:
Then what could death do, if thou shouldst depart,
Leaving thee living in posterity?
Be not self-will'd, for thou art much too fair
To be death's conquest and make worms thine heir.
注:
1. 第三和第四行:Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place/ With beauty's treasure. 全句的正常语序为(Thou) Make some vial sweet;thou treasure some place with beauty’s treasure. 这句直译为:你得让某条管子变的香甜,(既指前面的盛香精的玻璃管子又另有所指),你得用美丽的宝宝让某个地方成为宝贝。管道和某个地方都是暗指生殖器官.
请注意,作者在这里把男性的射精比作从玫瑰花朵中提取香精。
2. 第五行,That use is not forbidden usury,当时放高利贷利息不能收的太高,太高了就是违法行为,见《威尼斯商人》。
3. 第六行,Which happies those that pay the willing loan; 中的happies作动词用,make …happy的意思。请注意这一行与前面第四首中的放贷暗喻相呼应,并且诙谐地进一步发挥:接受老天的贷款的是男性,但还贷款和利息(即为老天和丈夫生孩子)的是女性,而且她还很高兴。 作者: 文勖 时间: 2012-3-6 14:12