中国车载电磁飞机弹射器首次亮相 - 爱吱声

We now have our first look at a Chinese modular, road-mobile, electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) catapultactually launching a drone. The system, which consists of multiple specially-designed trucks linked together, first emerged right at the end of last year and was soon loaded onto the deck of a cargo ship. The same vessel, named Zhong Da 79 , was used to showcase a new family of containerized weapons, sensors, and other systems, images of which went viral in a big way online. It has now also been confirmed that the truck-mounted EMALS catapult is part of that family.

我们现在首次看到了中国的模块化、公路机动电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器实际发射无人机的场景。该系统由多辆特制卡车连接而成，去年年底首次亮相，随后很快被装载到一艘货船的甲板上。这艘名为中达79的货船曾被用来展示一系列新型集装箱式武器、传感器和其他系统，相关图片在网上广泛传播。现在也已证实，车载电磁弹射器是该系列的一部分。

Video of the truck-mounted EMALS catapult in use first began circulating widely on social media earlier today, but exactly where or when it was shot is unclear. The footage looks to have originally accompanied a Chinese-language social media post from the Beijing Institute of Technology’s School of Mechanical Engineering. Screenshots said to be of the post show it was primarily on news about the development of the full family of containerized weapons and other systems, which we will come back to later on.

一段关于车载电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器使用的视频今天早些时候开始在社交媒体上广泛传播，但具体拍摄地点和时间尚不清楚。这段视频似乎最初是北京理工大学机械与车辆学院发布的一篇中文社交媒体帖子的一部分。据称是该帖子的截图显示，其主要内容是关于集装箱式武器和其他系统全系列发展的新闻，我们稍后会再谈到这一点。

A screen capture from a video circulating on social media showing a drone being launched from a modular, road-mobile, electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) catapult. Chinese internet screen capture via X

社交媒体上流传的一段视频截图显示，一架无人机从模块化、公路机动的电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器上发射。通过X平台获取的中国互联网截图

The video, seen in full in the social media post below, starts by showing a propeller-driven drone being launched from a mobile EMALS catapult made up of three trucks. The drone in question has a high-wing monoplane planform with a v-tail and tricycle landing gear. When the system first appeared publicly last year, it was shown in a four-truck configuration, and paired with stealthy collaborative combat aircraft (CCA)-like drones, or what were more likely mockups thereof.

下面社交媒体帖子中完整呈现的视频，一开始展示的是一架螺旋桨驱动的无人机从由三辆卡车组成的移动电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器上发射。相关无人机采用高单翼布局，配备V型尾翼和前三点式起落架。该系统去年首次公开亮相时，展示的是四辆卡车的配置，并与类似隐形协同作战飞机（CCA）的无人机搭配，或者更有可能是其模型。

The footage continues on, showing three EMALS catapult trucks traveling in a group, unlinked, in a convoy, before joining together. The convoy clip notably shows what look to be covers on top of the trucks that do not appear to have been previously seen. There are what appear to be hinges or at least large straps on the side to hold them in place.

视频继续播放，展示了三辆电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射车在连接在一起之前，以松散编组的形式行驶。这段车队视频特别展示了卡车上似乎有此前未曾见过的覆盖物。侧面似乎有铰链或至少有大的皮带，用于固定这些覆盖物。

一张屏幕截图显示，三辆电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）卡车在车队中各自行驶，顶部似乎覆盖着东西。通过X平台获取的中国互联网截图

Another screen capture showing two of the EMALS trucks linking up with the appropriate covers still in place. Some of the hinges or straps holding them in place can be seen on both vehicles. Chinese internet capture via X

另一张屏幕截图显示，两辆电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）卡车与仍在位的相应罩盖连接在一起。在两辆车身上都能看到一些固定罩盖的铰链或皮带。通过X平台获取的中国互联网截图

Covers would help protect the system from the elements during transit. It might also help mask its true purpose, though the trucks have other very distinct features, including a very prominent locking point at the front. The possibility that the covers hinge to either side also raises the question of whether the system could be configured to fold out to create a wider runway, though there is no evidence of this so far.

罩子有助于在运输过程中保护系统免受自然环境影响。它或许也有助于掩盖其真实用途，不过这些卡车还有其他非常独特的特征，包括车头处一个非常显眼的锁定点。罩子向两侧铰接的可能性也引发了一个问题，即该系统是否可以配置成展开以形成更宽的跑道，不过目前尚无证据表明这一点。

The video also reveals that the trucks have an extreme all-wheel steering capability that allows them to turn in a roughly flat circle, even when joined together. This would allow for the launching of aircraft in any direction as long as their sufficent space to turn the complete system. This would be key for pointing aircraft into the wind ahead of launches, especially in confined spaces with limited room to maneuver. This is an essential capability for enabling this concept overall. It would be extremely hard, if not impossible, to do this with normal steering, especially to account for any major shift in the wind’s direction.

视频还显示，这些卡车具备超强的全轮转向能力，即使连接在一起，也能大致原地转圈。只要有足够的空间让整个系统转向，这就能实现飞机向任何方向发射。这对于在发射前让飞机迎风至关重要，特别是在空间有限、机动余地不大的地方。这是使这一概念总体可行的关键能力。如果不是不可能的话，用普通转向方式来做到这一点将极其困难，尤其是要应对风向的任何重大变化。

A ground-level view of three of the EMALS trucks without any covers on top turning while linked together, highlighting their all-wheel steering. Chinese internet capture via X

一张地面视角的照片，展示了三辆电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）卡车在顶部无覆盖物的情况下相互连接并转弯，凸显了它们的全轮转向功能。通过X平台获取的中国互联网图片

The footage caps off with another clip of the drone being launched and then one of Zhong Da 79 as it was seen earlier this year with the various containerized systems, at least some of which turned out to be mockups, onboard.

视频最后是另一架无人机发射的片段，接着是中达79号今年早些时候搭载各种集装箱式系统的画面，其中至少有一些后来被证明是模型，在船上。

As seen earlier in this story, the video is circulating along with a graphic showing the full family of containerized weapons and other capabilities. This includes versions armed with launchers for land-attack and anti-ship cruise missiles, as well as surface-to-air missiles. There are also ones that contain either a single Type 1130 30mm close-in-weapon system (CIWS)or two Type 726 close-in defensive launchers. There are also containerized radars, electronic warfare systems, and command and control suites. The graphic also notably shows a container loaded with a single EMALS catapult truck and another with a disassembled drone inside that looks very much like the one seen being launched in the opening clip.

正如本报道前面所述，这段视频在传播时还配有一张图表，展示了集装箱式武器及其他能力的完整体系。这包括配备对地攻击和反舰巡航导弹发射装置的型号，以及地对空导弹。还有一些集装箱内装有单个1130型30毫米近防武器系统（CIWS）或两个726型近程防御发射装置。此外，还有集装箱式雷达、电子战系统和指挥控制套件。图表中还特别展示了一个装有单辆电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）发射车的集装箱，以及另一个装有拆解后无人机的集装箱，这架无人机看起来与开头片段中发射的那架非常相似。

Annual production of 2,000 of these containerized systems, collectively, is now being targeted, according to a machine translation of the apparent social media post from the Beijing Institute of Technology’s School of Mechanical Engineering that is the original source of the video.

根据北京理工大学机械与车辆学院社交媒体帖子的机器翻译，目前的目标是每年总共生产2000套这种集装箱式系统，该帖子是视频的原始来源。

The social media post from Beijing Institute of Technology’s School of Mechanical Engineering also says 70 other entities were also involved in the development of the various systems showcased on the Zhong Da 79 . The China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC), China North Industries Group Corporation (NORINCO), China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC), and the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) are explicitly named.

北京理工大学机械与车辆学院发布的社交媒体帖子还称，另外70家单位也参与了在中达79上展示的各种系统的研发。中国船舶集团有限公司（CSSC）、中国兵器工业集团有限公司（NORINCO）、中国航天科工集团有限公司（CASIC）、中国航天科技集团有限公司（CASC）、中国电子科技集团有限公司（CETC）和中国航空工业集团有限公司（AVIC）被明确提及。

Not on this list of named organizations is Tiantao Technology, a company that has been publicly discussing plans for a ground-based electromagnetic catapult system made up of modular wheeled segments since at least August 2025. As TWZ previously noted, Tiantao Technology’s renderings have shown a system that is visually different from the one now tied to the Beijing Institute of Technology’s School of Mechanical Engineering. However, its expected capabilities are in line with what have now seen in the video, especially the ability to drones weighing up to around 2.2 tons (two metric tons). The drone seen being launched is notably smaller and lighter than the CCA-type designs previously displayed with the system.

天涛科技不在这份命名组织名单中，该公司至少自2025年8月以来一直在公开讨论由模块化轮式部件组成的陆基电磁弹射系统的计划。正如TWZ之前所指出的，天涛科技的效果图展示的系统在外观上与目前与北京理工大学机械工程学院相关的系统不同。然而，其预期能力与我们现在在视频中看到的相符，特别是能够弹射重达约2.2吨（两公吨）的无人机。视频中看到的被发射的无人机明显比之前与该系统一同展示的CCA型设计更小、更轻。

A broad view of the drone or drone mockups, as well as three EMALS trucks linked together, on the pier at Hudong-Zhonghua shipyard. All of this was later loaded onto the Zhong Da 79 . Chinese internet

在沪东中华造船厂的码头上，有无人机或无人机模型的全景，以及三辆相连的电磁弹射系统（EMALS）卡车。所有这些后来都被装上了中达79号。中国互联网

“This \[2.2 tons\] is lighter than the expected takeoff weights of ‘loyal wingman’ type drones China has shown to date, based on the known specifications of comparably-sized Western designs. For example, the stated maximum launch weight of the XQ-58 is three tons, according to Kratos. As another point of comparison, the Chinese GJ-11 , a larger flying-wing uncrewed combat air vehicle (UCAV), a catapult-capable version of which is now in development, reportedly has a payload capacity of around two tons. China’s J-15 family of crewed carrier-based fighters , derived from the Su-33 Flanker, each weighs around 19 tons (17.5 metric tons) empty without any fuel or ordnance, as well.”

“根据西方同级别设计的已知规格，这\[2.2吨\]比中国迄今展示的‘忠诚僚机’型无人机的预期起飞重量要轻。例如，据克拉托斯公司称，XQ - 58的最大起飞重量为三吨。再举一个比较点，中国的GJ - 11是一种更大的飞翼式无人作战飞机（UCAV），其弹射型目前正在研制中，据报道其有效载荷能力约为两吨。中国的J - 15系列舰载有人战斗机源自苏 - 33‘侧卫’，每架空载（即没有任何燃料或弹药）时重约19吨（17.5公吨）。”

“It is possible that the modular design of Tiantao Technology’s ground-based catapult system could allow for configurations capable of launching heavier designs. A core benefit of electromagnetic catapults over steam-powered ones, in general , is their ability to be more fine-tuned in terms of the forces they exert on any aircraft during launch. The capabilities of a modular system would also be dependent on its exact configuration, including how long the catapult track is overall. Tiantao Technology has said the total length of its system could be scaled between roughly 65 and 196 feet (20 and 60 meters). What limitations there might be on simply adding more segments to increase launch capacity are unknown.”

天韬科技的陆基弹射系统采用模块化设计，有可能实现能够发射更重型设计的配置。一般来说，电磁弹射器相对于蒸汽弹射器的一个核心优势在于，它们在发射过程中对任何飞机施加的力能够进行更精细的调节。模块化系统的能力也将取决于其确切配置，包括弹射轨道的总长度。天韬科技表示，其系统的总长度可在大约65至196英尺（20至60米）之间进行缩放。仅仅增加更多模块来提高发射能力可能存在哪些限制尚不清楚。

“Tiantao Technology has also shown models and renderings of truck and trailer-mounted electromagnetic catapults for launching even smaller drones. How much progress it has made in the actual development of any of the systems to date is unclear.”

“天韬科技还展示了用于发射更小无人机的车载和拖挂式电磁弹射器的模型和效果图。截至目前，该公司在这些系统的实际研发方面取得了多大进展尚不清楚。”

As we noted at that time, other companies in China could very well have been working along similar lines. There’s also the distinct possibility that Tiantao Technology is among the dozens of unnamed partners that are said to have been working with Beijing Institute of Technology’s School of Mechanical Engineering on this project.

正如我们当时所指出的，中国的其他公司很可能也在沿着类似的方向开展工作。天涛科技也极有可能是据说与北京理工大学机械工程学院合作开展该项目的众多未具名合作伙伴之一。

There is still an outstanding question about how drones are loaded onto the truck-mounted EMALS catapult to begin with, which would impact the launch tempo. TWZ has noted previouslythat a cycle could be established using trucks carrying drones that would drive up, one at a time, locking into the rear of an existing track, and then detaching after launch.

首先，关于无人机如何装载到车载电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器上，仍然存在一个悬而未决的问题，这将影响发射节奏。 TWZ 此前曾指出，可以通过使用运载无人机的卡车来建立一个循环，这些卡车将一辆接一辆地驶近，锁定在现有轨道的后部，然后在发射后脱离。

What kind of power and logistical footprint is required to support the mobile EMALS catapult, either on land or at sea, is also unknown. The system is not intended to support a traditional carrier air wing, and would therefore inherently have lower capability demands. It’s worth pointing out here that questions about power demands and logistical requirements would also apply to other parts of the family of containerized systems that are now in development, as well.

无论是在陆地上还是在海上，支持移动电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器所需的动力和后勤保障规模究竟如何，目前也尚不清楚。该系统并非旨在支持传统的航母舰载机联队，因此其能力需求本质上较低。值得在此指出的是，关于动力需求和后勤要求的问题，同样也适用于目前正在研发的集装箱式系统家族的其他部分。

What limitations might exist when it comes to employing the catapult system from the deck of a ship that was not designed to have this capability from the start is another open question. Whether the truck-mounted arrangement would be stable enough for launches with the ship rocking back and forth at sea is unclear.

对于一艘从一开始就未设计具备弹射系统能力的舰船而言，在其甲板上使用弹射系统可能存在哪些限制，这是另一个悬而未决的问题。当舰船在海上前后摇晃时，车载式弹射装置是否足够稳定以进行发射，目前尚不清楚。

Overall, much more is still to be learned about the modular EMALS catapult and its capabilities. At the same time, what we’ve learned now underscores points thatTWZ has made in the pastabout the new operational possibilities this system could enable, both in shipboard and ground-based modes. It is tailor-made for expeditionary scenarios or other situations in which traditional runways may not be available. As a mobile system that can be moved on the ground or embarked on ships, it would allow for at least a certain tier of airpower to be more readily positioned closer to operating areas.

总体而言，关于模块化电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器及其能力，仍有许多有待了解。与此同时，我们目前所了解到的情况凸显了TWZ过去提出的关于该系统在舰载和陆基模式下都能实现的新作战可能性的观点。它是为远征场景或传统跑道可能无法使用的其他情况量身定制的。作为一种可在地面移动或搭载在舰艇上的移动系统，它将使至少一定层级的空中力量能够更便捷地部署在靠近作战区域的地方。

The system’s mobility and ability to stay in relatively close proximity to the forces it is supporting would make this a very responsive capability, even as the overall operational picture and battlespace demands evolve. The less time any aircraft has to spend in transit means more on-station endurance, which could be especially valuable when employing smaller, shorter-range drones. The choice of an electromagnetic catapult system versus a steam-powered one also means shorter reset times between launches and, by extension, increased sortie generation rates.

该系统的机动性以及与所支援部队保持相对近距离的能力，使其成为一种反应极为灵敏的能力，即便整体作战态势和战场需求不断演变也是如此。任何飞机在转场途中花费的时间越少，就意味着在任务区域的续航时间越长，这在使用小型、短程无人机时可能尤为重要。选择电磁弹射系统而非蒸汽动力弹射系统，还意味着发射间隔的重置时间更短，进而提高出动架次率。

Since it is made up of multiple modular truck-mounted segments, it would be easier for the system to disperse when not in use, creating targeting challenges for opponents and helping to increase survivability. Being able to store components of the catapult system, as well as drones to launch from it, concealed inside unassuming shipping containers would create further benefits in this regard.

由于它由多个模块化车载部分组成，该系统在不使用时更容易分散，给对手的瞄准造成困难，有助于提高生存能力。能够将弹射系统的组件以及从该系统发射的无人机隐藏在普通的运输集装箱内，在这方面还会带来更多好处。

All of this is relevant for a Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) that has significant standing requirementsto be able to provide airpower and other support during island-hopping campaignsagainst various potential opponents in the Pacific, where established runways may be few and far between. Another key focus area for the PLA is supporting operations in highly remote and high-altitude areas along its disputed western border with India, where runway access is also often constrained. The truck-mounted catapult could also be combined with the elements of the full family of containerized systems to help establish more robust and defensible operating locations on land, as well as rapidly turn any ship with suitable deck space into a multi-purpose naval vessel.

所有这些对于中国人民解放军（PLA）来说都至关重要，解放军有重大的战备需求，以便在跳岛作战中能够提供空中力量和其他支援，对抗太平洋地区的各种潜在对手，在这些地区，已建成的跑道可能寥寥无几。解放军的另一个关键重点领域是支持与印度有争议的西部边境沿线的偏远和高海拔地区的行动，在这些地区，跑道的使用也常常受到限制。车载弹射器还可以与集装箱式系统全系列的组件相结合，有助于在陆地上建立更强大、更具防御性的作战地点，以及迅速将任何有合适甲板空间的船只转变为多功能海军舰艇。

An annotated image of Zhong Da 79 as it was seen earlier this year, highlighting various containerized weapons and sensors, or mockups thereof, loaded onboard. Chinese internet via X

今年早些时候看到的钟达79号的标注图像，突出显示了装载在船上的各种集装箱式武器和传感器，或其模型。中国互联网通过X

As an aside, the fact that the new details about the truck-mounted EMALS catapult and the other containerized system have come via Beijing Institute of Technology underscores the strong ties that state-run research institutions in China often have to the country’s government-owned defense industry and to the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). This is somethingTWZ regularly calls attention to, especially in advanced aerospace development realms, where the academic side of the ecosystem has been shown to be very deeply involved.

顺便一提，有关车载电磁弹射系统（EMALS）和其他集装箱式系统的新细节是通过北京理工大学披露的，这一事实凸显了中国国有研究机构与该国国有国防工业以及中国人民解放军（PLA）之间往往存在的紧密联系。这是TWZ 经常关注的问题，特别是在先进航空航天发展领域，该领域生态系统的学术方面已被证明深度参与其中。

With the release of the video showing actual testing of the mobile EMALS catapult, and other insights into the full family of containerized weapons and other systems, more details about these new capabilities may now start coming more rapidly.

随着展示移动电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）弹射器实际测试的视频发布，以及对集装箱式武器和其他系统全系列的更多洞察，有关这些新能力的更多细节现在可能会更快地浮出水面