01 題目一
At times the truth shines so brilliantly that we perceive it as clear as day. Matter and habit then draw a veil over our perception, and we return to a darkness almostas dense as before. We are like those who, though beholding frequent flashes of lightning, still find themselves in the thickest darkness of the night.
Moses Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed,
transl.M.Friedländer [slightly revised]
New Yorkover,1956,p.3.
02 題目二
Once war has been declared for just causes, the prince should press his campaign not for the destruction of his opponents, but for the pursuit of the right for which he fights and the defence of his homeland, so that by fighting he may eventually establish peace and security.
Francisco de Vitoria,“On the Law of War"(1539),in
Id.Political Writings,ed.A.Pagden & J.Lawrance.
Cambridge:Cambridge UP,1991,p.327.
03 題目三
What is the status of citizenship today, in a world of increasingly deterritorialized politics? How is citizenship being reconfigured under contemporary conditions? How has the fraying of the four fuctions of the state - territoriality, administrative control, democratic legitimacy, and cultural identity - affected the theory and practice of citizenship?
Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others.
Aliens, Residents, and Citizens,
Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004.p.144.
04 題目四
Artifcial intelligence is not an objective, universal, or neutral computational technique that makes determmations without human direction. Its systems are embedded in social, political, cultural, and economic worlds, shaped by humans，institutions, and imperatives that determine what they do and how they do it. They are designed to discriminate, to amplify hierarchies, and to encode narrow classifcations. When applied in social contexts such as policing, the court system，health care, and education, they can reproduce, optimize, and amplify existing struetural inequalities, This is no accident: Al systems are built to see and intervene in the world in ways that primarily benefit the states, institutions, and corporations that they serve.
Kate Crawford, The Atlas of Al: Power,Politics, and
the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence (2021)
Yale:Yale UP,2021,p.211.
over,1956,p.3.