"Given the traveler and the air traffic from anywhere in Italy but also particularly northern Itlay, it is just not surprising that unfortunately and inadvertently New York was seeded before they really knew what was going on."
"我們沒想到有那麼多的紐約新冠病毒數都與正在歐洲蔓延的新冠病毒有關聯。但這個結果也在我們的意料之中，畢竟往來紐約及歐洲的旅行者人數眾多，也有很多紐約人去歐洲旅行。從某種程度上來說，這個研究結果並不讓人意外，但是歐洲輸入病例的範圍之廣出乎我們的意料。"
"Yes and no. So yes, we were surprised by the number of viruses that were interrelated with viruses circulating in Europe. And no, we were not surprised because it's really a lot of travel. For tourists going forth and back, and New Yorkers were also traveling to Europe. The way is not so surprising, but the extent of it was unexpected."
The Mount Sinai Health System is the largest healthcare provider in New York City. And we serve a very diverse population across the city's different neighborhoods. To monitor the viruses and bacteria that cause disease in our patients. We put in place a pathogen surveillance program over the past years, so that we can follow and monitor, for example, the influenza or bacteria.
When the first cases were identified in New York City, we were ready to take action and to immediately sequence those viruses. Middle of March, we could sequence and obtain information of the viruses that cause those diseases in the many New Yorkers.
維維亞娜·西蒙教授表示：“我們可以根據病毒序列，把紐約確診病例的新冠病毒基因組分析結果與全球新冠病毒基因測序數據庫的數據進行對比，卻發現紐約新冠病毒與許多歐洲新冠病毒相似。 ”
We can compare those sequences from New Yorkers we analyzed and with those sequences in the database from the worldwide analyzed coronaviruses. And we can compare based on those mutations in the viruses. We noticed with surprise that many of the survivors' viruses in New York City resemble those viruses found in Europe.
In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus.