美国大学的自杀率排名
热度 1已有 6666 次阅读2016-10-11 12:49
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2016-10-10
俗话说,男怕入错行,女怕嫁错郎。在美国高等院校中,麻省理工和康奈尔大学,是学生自杀率最高或曾经最高的大学,油喷、哈佛大学、纽约大学和约翰霍夫金斯大学,也都榜上有名,2004年前后,纽约大学一年内有六名学生自杀。而医学和建筑学,是自杀率高发的专业,而亚裔学生,尤其是男孩子,又是自杀率最高的人群。
康奈尔大学,是美国最有名的自杀大学,因为在常青藤学校中,康内尔是出了名的好进难出,亚历山大,校园里有一座桥,穿过一条峡谷,连结宿舍区和教学区,秋冬和春冬换季的时候,一些来自世界各地的曾经非常优秀的大学生耐不得青灯古佛,就会接二连三飞蛾赴火般地坠桥自杀,因此College Magazine把康内尔排在西点军校之前,成为美国压力最大的10所大学之首。尤其是康奈尔的建筑系,盛名之下,必有懦夫,自杀率更是居高不下,学校为此不得不在桥上建立一堵专门的防护网,预防学生自杀。
根据2010年3月16日的一篇文章:
- Of all the things Cornell University wants to be known for, suicide
isn’t among them. And yet, after years of trying to shake the image that
it's a “suicide school,” as one official called it Monday, recent
deaths have made it difficult not to associate the upstate New York
institution with an above-average suicide rate.
- Cornell became so concerned about this problem that in November 2002
it formed a special mental health-oriented Asian and Asian American
Campus Climate Task Force to address the causes behind the high number
of suicides and to understand why these students report less
satisfaction with their Cornell experience compared with other groups.
In addition, in 2004 the Cornell University Council on Mental Health and
Welfare was formed to bring broad-based and sustained attention to the
mental health of the Cornell community.
再根据2000年2月26日的一篇文章,麻省理工自1964年到2000年之间的36年内,有47名学生自杀,自杀率为10万分之14.6,比全美高校平均10分之6.5-7.5的学生自杀率高一倍,而麻省理工的本科生更甚,上世纪80年代自杀率高达10万分之21.2,本世纪初仍然高达10万分之12.6。在上世纪80年代,麻省理工学生的自杀率高达10万分之19,而到90年代和2000年代,下降为10万分之10,也仍然高于全国平均水平。可是进入2010年代,自杀率又高达10万分之12.5, 而且仅仅在2014-2015一年,麻省理工就有六位同学自杀,还有一位教授也自杀了。2011年进行的一项调查,包括13所高校,麻省理工学生自杀率第一,哈佛大学自杀率第二,普林斯顿大学,则拒绝提供学生自杀的数据,只说其学生自杀率不高。- MIT has lost 47 students to suicide since 1964, which translates to a
rate of 14.6 per 100,000 student years. Over the period examined, MIT’s
suicide rate has fallen from well above the national average in
the sixties and seventies to below average in the past two decades.
- MIT’s suicide rate peaked in the 1980s at nearly 19 per 100,000 student
years. Throughout the 1990s the rates have been nearly half that of the
previous decade at 10 per 100,000 student years.
- More recently MIT’s suicide rate has been even higher; over the past
five years the campus has reported 12.5 suicides per 100,000 students. The increasing rate has been driven by the school’s undergraduate
population, whose suicide rate in the past decade has outpaced that of
the school’s graduate students — 12.6 to 8.5.
历史上和麻省理工旗鼓相当的哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、加州大学伯克利分校的学生自杀率也居高不下,可是这三所学校缺少1960年以后学生自杀的数据,无法进行横向的比较。由于事涉敏感,家丑不可外扬,主动提供学生自杀数据的高校全美不足15%。大概也都是不得已而为之,例如油喷屁大一点校园仅在2013-2014一年就有四位学生自杀,2013-2016三年中有10位学生自杀,使其快速步入全美学生自杀率最高的大学之列,特别是每年的三月和四月,油喷有自杀高压锅之称,尤其以商学院孔同学的自杀最引人注目:- Kong’s death has brought renewed attention to the longstanding issue of
mental health at Penn, which has seen 10 student suicides since February
2013.
在过去15年内麻省理工的19例自杀学生中,有8例为亚裔,占全部自杀学生的42%, 如果把亚裔学生作为一个整体,过去15年麻省理工亚裔学生自杀率为10万分之29.1,远高于同时期麻省理工全体学生10万分11左右的自杀率,也远高于全美亚裔学生10万分之12.4的全美高校学生的平均自杀率。可是这一现象在康奈尔大学更为突出,从1996到2006年的十年间,康奈尔大学共有21名自杀的学生中,亚裔13名,占61%。
- Since 2000, the total suicide rate on the MIT campus was 11.2 deaths per 100,000 students. Since 2000, MIT’s suicide rate was 29.1 per 100,000 Asian American students. This is not only nearly four times the overall national average and three times the average for the school, but also more than twice the national average for college-aged Asian Americans (12.4 per 100,000) alone.
根据2016年7月16日的一项研究报告,建筑设计和工程行业的自杀率在美国行业排名中位列第五,农林渔业排名第一。
- Rates for each profession were calculated by the number of suicides
per 100,000 population. For architecture and engineering, the rate was
32.2. Farming, fishing, and forestry came top of the list, rating 84.5.
Other job sectors ranked above architecture were construction and
extraction; installation, maintenance and repair; and production. The group that encompassed arts, design, entertainment, sports and media was seventh, with a rate of 24.3. The lowest rate of suicide, 7.5, was found in the education, training and library occupational group.
调查发现,去年全美有17%的大学生正在寻求或接受焦虑症的治疗,有13.9%则患有抑郁症,约有十分之一的医学院学生受不了压力想自杀。在今年五月,南加大一名医学院学生自杀死亡。去年,圣地牙哥加大一名医学院大三学生自杀。两年前,哈佛大学一名医学院学生亦是自己结束生命。虽然,并没有具体数据说明全美目前就读医学院的八万名学生,每年有多少人自杀,但仍有少数的研究显示这个问题很严重。
尽管如此,根据世界卫生组织2012年的资料,在全世界170个国家和地区中,美国大学学生的平均自杀率还相对不高,低于韩国印度日本俄罗斯,和乌拉圭并列第50名。