做了点读书笔记 ，这是弗吉尼亚议政会（Virginia Governor's Council）对约翰庞奇案的判决书摘要，我拿来让女儿领略一下近代英文，顺便翻译了一下
9th of July, 1640.
Whereas Hugh Gwyn hath by order from this Board Brought back from Maryland three servants formerly run away from the said Gwyn, the court doth therefore order that the said three servants shall receive the punishment of whipping and to have thirty stripes apiece one called Victor, a Dutchman, the other a Scotchman called James Gregory, shall first serve out their times with their master according to their Indentures, and one whole year apiece after the time of their service is Expired. By their said Indentures in recompense of his Loss sustained by their absence and after that service to their said master is Expired to serve the colony for three whole years apiece, and that the third being a negro named John Punch shall serve his said master or his assigns for the time of his natural Life here or elsewhere.
我的译文：
1640年7月9日
依据本委员会指令，休*葛文从马里兰州带回先前从其处逃亡的三名仆人；法庭随即裁定此三名仆人应受鞭刑惩罚，各人领受三十鞭。其一为荷兰人，名叫维克多，另一为苏格兰人，名叫詹姆斯*格里高利，应首先在其主人处服满劳工契约规定的劳役期；服役期满后，各自仍需在该处服役一整年。此劳役期用于补偿因其离岗造成的损失；当其为前述其主人的服役期满之后，此二人仍需各自为殖民地服务整三年。第三人为黑人，名叫约翰潘奇，应在前述其主人处或其受让人处终生服役，服役地域不限。
我查了一下维基和其他资料，大概理了一下背景：
这个Virginia Governor's Council集议政、立法、司法权力于一体，在国王任命的州长实际长期缺位的情况下，充当着实际的行政中枢，所以在审判书中，担当两个角色，一个是向劳工主人葛文发布逮捕许可证的委员会（the board），一个是审判三名劳工的法庭（the court），并且通过审判，实现案例立法，为最终在法律上把黑人契约工贬为终身奴隶迈出第一步。
庞奇倒是被家谱学家牵线，跟奥巴马拉上了十二代祖宗的关系，还是通过奥八马的白人母系。按他们的考证，这个John Punch后来和白种女人结婚，孩子们随母亲获得自由人身份，并且在弗吉尼亚州当上有名的庄园主，他的后代姓氏改为Bunch，也出现在奥巴马母系的家谱里，所以就这么联系上了。美国第一位法定黑奴的后代，也变成大奴隶主，奴隶到奴隶主，比奴隶到总统励志多了。
汗，眼神真不行了。居然漏看一个“人”字。点进来才知道看错了。:L 水风 发表于 2020-6-22 07:48
4， 南北战争及重建
林肯说过，“如果奴隶制没错的话，那就没有错误的事情了.”但错误的事情不仅仅是建 ...
并不是“黑人在宗教的领导下的觉醒”，而是当时有个苏联。
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